Innovative: International Multidisciplinary Journal of Applied Technology (2995-486X)
Innovative: International Multidisciplinary Journal of Applied Technology (IMJAT) with U.S ISSN 2995-486X is a peer-reviewed, open-access scientific journal dedicated to publishing original research and innovative developments across a broad spectrum of applied and technical sciences. With its growing reputation, IMJAT continues to be a valuable platform for academics, researchers, engineers, and industry professionals seeking to publish impactful research that advances applied science and technology on a global scale. We are pleased to announce that IMJAT has been officially recognized by the Higher Attestation Commission (OAK) of the Republic of Uzbekistan for meeting the criteria required for technical sciences publications. As per OAK Decision No. 368/4 dated March 6, 2025, the journal is now listed as a recommended scientific publication for “05.00.00 – Technical Sciences, making it a valid outlet for PhD and DSc researchers to publish their dissertation-related scientific results. JOURNAL INFORMATION Journal title : Innovative: International Multidisciplinary Journal of Applied Technology (IMJAT) Initials : Innovative Abbreviation : Int.Multi.Jour. Applied. Techno. Frequency : Monthly Published DOI : Publisher Association : Antis Publishing House Online ISSN : ISSN 2995-486X (Online) | Innovative | The ISSN Portal Collaboration Institution : Kokand State University Publisher : Multi Journals Press Citation Analysis : IEEE Reference Style Accreditation : - Abstracting and Indexing : Click here
THE RELEVANCE OF DEVELOPING AN INNOVATIVE SYSTEM FOR REMOTE MONITORING AND MAPPING OF AGRICULTURAL LANDS
This study emphasizes that creating maps of agricultural lands through remote sensing and innovative methods is not merely a visual tool, but also a powerful instrument for complex data analysis, forecasting, and decision-making, and may serve as a foundation for sustainable development. The study substantiates proposals for solving land-use planning problems through the preparation of various maps based on satellite imagery. It also examines the main objectives of agriculture, including restoring an effective agricultural land management system, reviving land-use planning as a core management function, establishing an efficient monitoring system for assessing land conditions and qualitative changes in the land fund, financially supporting agricultural producers, ensuring the rational use of designated land parcels, and increasing the investment attractiveness of agriculture.
Copyright (c) 2026 Gʻulom Artikov, Anvar Mirzayev, Usmonjon Berdikulov (Author)
GIS-BASED APPROACHES TO THE CADASTRAL MANAGEMENT OF MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE LANDFILLS: A FRAMEWORK FOR ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND SPATIAL DECISION-MAKING IN UZBEKISTAN
Municipal solid waste landfills represent environmentally sensitive land-use objects whose management requires accurate registration, continuous monitoring, and spatially informed decision-making. In Uzbekistan, landfill governance remains constrained by fragmented cadastral records, incomplete environmental control, and weak integration between land administration and ecological monitoring systems. This study develops a GIS-based framework for the cadastral management of waste landfills by integrating cadastral, topographic, hydrological, soil, land-use, and monitoring data within a unified spatial platform. The methodology is based on geospatial database preparation, landfill boundary digitization, overlay analysis, buffer zoning, and sensitivity classification. The results show that the proposed framework improves the positional clarity of landfill registration, enables the identification of environmentally sensitive sites, supports the detection of land-use conflicts, and facilitates the prioritization of landfill monitoring. The study demonstrates that GIS can serve as an effective tool for linking cadastral management with environmental assessment and spatial governance. The proposed approach is particularly relevant for countries with incomplete digital cadastral integration and legacy landfill infrastructure.
Copyright (c) 2026 Artikov G‘ulom Abduraxmonovich, Nomozov Adham Almamat o‘g‘li (Author)
PROTECTIVE SHUTDOWN OF ADAPTATION IN CASE OF UNRELIABLE ESTIMATES IN THE WATER SUPPLY AND HEATING CONTROL SYSTEM
This paper examines the problem of improving the reliability of adaptive control in water supply and heating systems under conditions of noise, measurement asynchronousness, and residual estimation errors. A protection mechanism is proposed between the estimation unit and the fuzzy adaptation unit for the PID controller coefficients. After normalizing the current state and parameter estimates, a vector of invalidity indicators is generated. If the information is correct, the controller coefficients are determined using the Mamdani fuzzy inference mechanism. If the admissibility limit is violated, the adaptation is disabled, and control continues with fixed coefficients. This approach eliminates erroneous controller reconfiguration and maintains the continuity of the computational cycle.
Copyright (c) 2026 Khamdamov, Utkir Rakhmatillayevich, Hodjaeva Damira (Author)
CLASSIFICATION OF COMPLEX ANATOMICAL VARIANTS IN PEDIATRIC PATIENTS AFTER URANOPLASTY: AN INTEGRATED DIGITAL AND BIOCHEMICAL MONITORING APPROACH
Background: Cleft palate (CP) remains one of the most prevalent congenital craniofacial anomalies globally, affecting approximately 1 in 700 live births. Although uranoplasty restores anatomical continuity of the palate, post-surgical rehabilitation is frequently complicated by residual neuromuscular imbalances, altered occlusal dynamics, and compromised mucosal immune function. The absence of an integrated, multimodal monitoring framework limits the clinician's ability to detect and address these sequelae in a timely manner. Objective: This study aimed to develop and validate an integrated classification of complex anatomical variants observed in post-uranoplasty pediatric patients, and to evaluate the effectiveness of digital monitoring combined with biopolymer aligner-based orthodontic therapy on neuromuscular, occlusal, and biochemical outcomes. Methods: A prospective clinical observational study enrolled 150 children aged 6–12 years, divided into three groups of 50: a main group receiving digital monitoring with electromyography (EMG), T-Scan occlusal analysis, and biopolymer aligner therapy; a comparison group receiving conventional orthodontic treatment; and a healthy control group. Salivary biomarkers—alpha-amylase and secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA)—were quantified at baseline and after 12 months. Statistical analysis employed the Mann–Whitney U test, Wilcoxon signed-rank test, and Spearman correlation (significance: p<0.05). Results: At baseline, masseter peak amplitude in the main group was 118.4 ± 12.3 μV, representing a 2.1-fold reduction versus controls (247.3 ± 18.6 μV; p<0.001). Muscular asymmetry index reached 31.4 ± 3.4%. Total occlusion time was prolonged approximately fourfold (1.82 ± 0.21 s vs. 0.46 ± 0.06 s in controls; p<0.001). Salivary alpha-amylase was elevated 2.2-fold relative to healthy peers. After 12 months, the main group demonstrated statistically superior improvements in all parameters compared to the comparison group (p<0.05 for all outcomes). Conclusion: Integrated digital monitoring combining EMG, T-Scan, and salivary biomarkers enables a precise, evidence-based classification of post-uranoplasty anatomical variants and substantially enhances rehabilitation outcomes. Early multimodal intervention is recommended for all pediatric patients following cleft palate repair.
Copyright (c) 2026 Innovative: International Multidisciplinary Journal of Applied Technology
CHINESE INVESTMENT IN UZBEKISTAN'S MINING SECTOR UNDER THE BELT AND ROAD INITIATIVE (BRI): STRATEGIC DRIVERS, NETWORK EMBEDDEDNESS, AND GLOBAL TRANSMISSION
Chinese mining investment in countries along the Belt and Road represents not only a deepening of bilateral economic and trade cooperation but also a new variable influencing the global economic landscape. Taking Uzbekistan as a case study, this paper constructs a three-stage analytical framework of "Strategic Drivers-Network Embeddedness-Global Transmission" to systematically examine the complete logic chain of Chinese mining investment, from its motivations and local practices to the transmission of global effects. The study finds that, at the strategic driver level, China's resource security needs and Uzbekistan's "resource-based development" strategy form a deep strategic coupling, providing the fundamental impetus for large-scale investment. At the network embeddedness level, Chinese investment deeply embeds itself into Uzbekistan's industrial system through technology transfer, infrastructure construction, and capital injection, reshaping its mining sector from a "point-based extraction" model into a "full-chain integration" model, generating significant technological spillovers and localization effects. Building on this, the paper focuses on demonstrating the global transmission effects of the investment: First, it reshapes global resource supply chains by constructing a Eurasian mineral resources corridor, enhancing supply diversity and resilience. Second, it innovates the "resource-finance-infrastructure" bundled model, offering an alternative development financing approach for Global South countries. Third, it promotes the rise of the Central Asian "land power" resource hub, subtly altering the global trade and capital flow patterns historically oriented towards maritime power. The study concludes that Chinese mining investment in Uzbekistan has become a crucial window for observing the "multipolarization" trend of globalization.
Copyright (c) 2026 Zhao Shengli (Author)
OPTIMIZATION OF LARGE-SPAN STEEL TRUSSES THROUGH MODIFICATION OF STRUCTURAL FORM
This study addresses the problem of improving the structural efficiency of large-span steel trusses, which are widely used in construction due to their simplicity and adaptability but are often associated with increased material consumption and complex stress states under non-nodal loading. A key issue arises when concentrated loads act between nodes, generating additional bending moments (M) and shear forces (Q) in the upper chord members, leading to unfavorable stress–strain conditions. To overcome this limitation, the research proposes a constructive approach based on the local reverse bending of the upper chord panels. The knowledge gap lies in the insufficient exploration of how modifying the geometric form of truss elements can influence internal force distribution and reduce material usage. The study investigates two variants of a 36 m span pentagonal steel truss: a conventional model with a straight upper chord and a modified model with pre-bent upper chord panels. Using numerical analysis in the LIRA-SAPR 2017 environment, both models were subjected to identical static and dynamic loading conditions. The results demonstrate that reverse bending significantly reduces bending moments and shear forces in the upper chord members, leading to a more efficient stress distribution. The optimal performance was achieved at a bending height of f=12 cm. The findings confirm that this method enhances load-bearing capacity, reduces structural deformation, and decreases steel consumption by up to 10–11% overall and 20–21% in upper chord elements. The proposed solution offers a practical and economically efficient approach for optimizing large-span steel truss design.
Copyright (c) 2026 S. Asliyev, M. Balgayeva (Author)
EFFECTIVE METHODS AND TOOLS FOR THE USE OF DIGITAL TECHNOLOGIES IN THE EDUCATIONAL PROCESS
This article explores the importance and effectiveness of using digital technologies in education. Various methods and tools that contribute to improving the quality of the learning process, increasing student motivation, and adopting a modern approach to education are considered. The advantages of digitalization in learning, as well as the features of implementing digital educational resources and platforms, are analyzed. Special attention is given to effective pedagogical approaches that enhance the quality of education.
Copyright (c) 2026 Sharapova N. A. (Author)
STUDY OF THE INFLUENCE OF GASOPYROLYSIS RESIN ON THE STRUCTURAL FORMATION OF REZINES
In this work, the possibility of using the tar product of gas-pyrolysis resin - a polymer production waste - in the production of composite elastomeric materials was investigated. The composition and physicochemical properties of gas-pyrolysis resin have been established. It was determined that the boiling and flash point of organic substances used in the production of elastomeric compositions should not be lower than 180°C, therefore, it was heat-treated with gas-pyrolysis resin at 200°C for 4 hours. It has been established that the cubic residue of gas-pyrolysis resin plays an important role in the formation of the structure and properties of elastomeric composite materials as a result of interaction with donor-acceptor bonds during the inhibition of thermo-photochemical processes, the strength of composites during rupture increases, the relative length during stretching slightly decreases, the hardness and -C-C- bond in the vulcanization grid increase, as a result of which the active substances contained in the cubic residue of gas-pyrolysis resins increase.
Copyright (c) 2026 Makhsetbaev Ernazar Akhmedovich, Ibadullaev Axmadjon, Xushnudbek Samandarov, Murodjon Vapaev (Author)
DEVELOPMENT OF RESOURCE-EFFICIENT TECHNOLOGIES FOR PROCESSING ACIDIC AND SALINE INDUSTRIAL LIQUID WASTES INTO VALUABLE PRODUCTSI
This study presents the development of physico-chemical and technological principles for the processing of acidic and saline liquid industrial wastes. The research focuses on spent sulfuric acid, saturated diethylene glycol, and neutralized industrial wastewater. Based on thermodynamic analysis and solubility diagrams, resource-efficient technologies were developed to obtain valuable products such as potassium sulfate, burkeite, purified water, and regenerated DEG. The proposed approaches demonstrate high efficiency and environmental safety.
Copyright (c) 2026 Excellencia: International Multi-disciplinary Journal of Education https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
KEY FACTORS AFFECTING THE EFFICIENCY OF ELECTROCOAGULATION IN WASTEWATER TREATMENT
Electrocoagulation (EC) has emerged as an effective method for wastewater treatment due to its ability to remove a wide range of contaminants with low chemical input. This study provides a comprehensive review of the key factors influencing EC efficiency, including operational parameters, water quality characteristics, and reactor design. The analysis shows that current density, pH, conductivity, electrode material, and electrolysis time play a critical role in determining treatment performance. Under optimized conditions, EC achieves removal efficiencies exceeding 90% for COD, turbidity, and color, while maintaining relatively low sludge production. However, process efficiency varies significantly depending on wastewater composition, requiring system-specific optimization. Performance evaluation highlights the importance of energy consumption and electrode dissolution as key economic factors. Advanced optimization methods, such as Response Surface Methodology, allow identification of optimal operating conditions under multiple interacting variables. Despite its advantages, challenges such as electrode passivation, lack of standardized reactor design, and operational costs limit large-scale implementation. Recent developments focus on hybrid systems and renewable energy integration, which have demonstrated removal efficiencies up to 100% for specific pollutants. Electrocoagulation represents a promising solution for sustainable wastewater treatment, particularly when combined with optimized design and integrated treatment approaches.
Copyright (c) 2026 Farkhod Murtazaev, Dilnora Ganieva, Mehriniso Maxmudova (Author)
SCIENTIFIC AND METHODOLOGICAL FOUNDATIONS FOR EVALUATING THE EFFECTIVENESS OF WOMEN'S ENTREPRENEURSHIP DEVELOPMENT
This article explores the scientific and methodological foundations for assessing the effectiveness of women's entrepreneurship development. A systematic analysis of the evolution of the concept of "entrepreneurship," its role in the history of economic thought, and the specific characteristics of women's business is conducted. The article proposes a methodology for using integrated indicators that combine economic, social, institutional, and environmental approaches in evaluating effectiveness. The impact of human capital and management quality on the development of the sector is also assessed.
Copyright (c) 2026 Innovative: International Multidisciplinary Journal of Applied Technology (2995-486X)
THE ROLE OF INTELLECTUAL, EMOTIONAL, AND SOCIAL COMPETENCIES IN THE LEADERSHIP QUALITIES OF YOUNG OFFICERS OF THE MINISTRY OF DEFENSE
This article analyzes the role of intellectual, emotional, and social competencies in shaping the leadership qualities of young officers in the Ministry of Defense. It highlights that the effectiveness of a leading officer depends not only on professional knowledge and strategic thinking but also on the ability to manage emotions, communicate effectively with the team, and adapt to the social environment. The research scientifically substantiates the importance of these competencies in the decision-making processes, team management, and effective execution of service duties by young officers. Furthermore, it emphasizes the necessity of cultivating intellectual potential, emotional stability, and social engagement to develop leadership skills in young officers.
THE ROLE OF DIGITAL PLATFORMS IN DEVELOPING STUDENTS’ MOTIVATION AND LANGUAGE COMPETENCE
In modern education, digital platforms have become an important factor that significantly transforms students’ attitudes toward language learning and their learning activities. These platforms help shift education from a traditional transmissive model to an interactive, student-centered, and competence-based approach. Digital platforms increase students’ internal motivation through interactive tasks, immediate feedback, and multimodal materials. As a result, students become more active participants in the learning process and develop confidence in their learning outcomes. Furthermore, digital platforms enable the integrated development of language competencies such as listening, reading, writing, and speaking. Through online discussions, written tasks, and audio-visual materials, learners acquire language skills not only in artificial learning environments but also in real communicative contexts. Digital learning environments also support autonomous learning by allowing students to choose materials according to their pace, interests, and needs. Consequently, language competence develops continuously beyond the classroom. The study also highlights that digital platforms foster social and communicative competence through collaborative activities such as group tasks, forums, and online discussions. However, the effectiveness of digital platforms depends on their pedagogical and methodological design. When applied appropriately, digital platforms create an effective educational environment that enhances motivation and systematically develops language competence.
VALORIZATION OF AZNEK PHOSPHORITE AND ACTIVATED SLUDGE FOR SUSTAINABLE ORGANOMINERAL FERTILIZER PRODUCTION
This study investigates the feasibility of producing organomineral fertilizers based on Aznek phosphorite (AF) and activated sludge (AL) derived from biochemical wastewater treatment plants. The main objective was to determine the optimal component ratios and evaluate the effect of nitric acid activation on the transformation of phosphorus into plant-available forms. Laboratory experiments were carried out using AF:AL mass ratios ranging from 90:10 to 20:80 and nitric acid (55.6% HNO₃) dosages of 50–90% of the stoichiometric requirement relative to CaO content. The results showed that increasing acid dosage led to a decrease in total P₂O₅ content (from 13.16% to 10.44% at 90:10 ratio), while significantly enhancing the amount of assimilated P₂O₅ (from 6.07% to 8.51%). The relative availability of phosphorus increased up to 86.26% with increasing activated sludge content and acid dosage. A similar trend was observed for calcium, where assimilated CaO increased with acid treatment. The organic matter, including humic and fulvic acids, increased significantly with higher AL proportions, reaching up to 30.13%.
MULTI-STAGE OPTIMIZATION OF LIQUID ORGANOMINERAL FERTILIZER PRODUCTION FROM POULTRY MANURE AND PHOSPHORITE SLUDGE: CHEMICAL SYNERGY AND EXTRACTION MECHANISMS
The sustainable management of agricultural and industrial wastes is a cornerstone of the modern circular economy. This study provides a comprehensive analysis of the production of liquid organomineral fertilizers using poultry manure (PM) and low-grade phosphorite sludge (PS) via alkaline extraction. By varying the component ratios (95:5 to 65:35) and solid-to-liquid (S:L) ratios (1:1 to 1:3), we identified the critical parameters governing nutrient recovery. Experimental data show that P2O5 and CaO concentrations are maximized in mineral-rich blends, while the preservation of bio-active humic and fulvic acids requires a manure-dominant matrix. The study also discusses the chemical mechanism of phosphorus solubilization by organic ligands in an alkaline medium. The optimized formulation (PM:PS = 75:25, S:L = 1:2) yields a balanced nutrient profile suitable for high-yield sustainable agriculture.
ANALYSIS OF ERRORS IN TOROIDAL CORE LINEAR MOTION DRIVES AND METHODS FOR ACCURACY IMPROVEMENT
This article presents a comprehensive analysis of electromagnetic and structural errors that occur in toroidal core linear motion systems and evaluates their influence on the operational accuracy and stability of the device. Linear motion drives based on toroidal cores are widely used in modern electromechanical and mechatronic systems thanks to their compact structure, high efficiency and ability to generate stable electromagnetic forces. However, various electromagnetic and constructive imperfections that arise during the design and manufacturing processes can have a negative impact on system performance, positioning accuracy and dynamic characteristics. So, finding and fixing these mistakes is an important job for scientists and engineers. The primary aim of this research is to identify the essential parameters that guarantee stable traction force generation, diminish vibration levels, and enhance positioning accuracy in toroidal core drives. The study focuses on the effects of magnetic flux distribution, air-gap geometry, winding symmetry, magnetic saturation, and structural alignment on the system's electromagnetic behavior. The study further investigates how fluctuations in these parameters result in alterations of electromagnetic force, energy dissipation, and dynamic instability within the motion system. Mathematical modeling and simulation techniques were utilized to examine the electromagnetic phenomena in toroidal core structures, aiming to fulfill the research objectives. We then checked and compared these results with experimental data to see how different sources of error affected system performance. We paid special attention to studying the drive system's dynamic properties, like how stable the force is, how it vibrates, and how accurately it responds while it's running. The findings demonstrate that enhancing the structural precision of the toroidal core, optimizing magnetic flux distribution, and employing advanced control algorithms can markedly improve the performance, reliability, and positional accuracy of linear motion systems. Also, reducing the difference in windings and carefully designing the air-gap geometry makes electromagnetic distortions and vibrations less noticeable. This research gives scientists and engineers a scientific and practical way to design, improve, and control toroidal core linear motion drives. The suggested methods and analytical findings can be effectively utilized in the advancement of high-precision electromechanical systems for industrial automation, robotics, precision positioning devices, and cutting-edge mechatronic technologies.
Enhancing Water Treatment with an Innovative Filtration Method
Purification has always been a necessity since the dawn of humanity. Purification is important for decreasing the risk of toxins from recharging runoff rainwater and avoiding numerous ailments. As a result, the national and state governments in India are developing water treatment plants to provide society with adequate and safe drinking water. Rapid sand filters are commonly used in India to remove suspended and colloidal particles from water in the filtering process at a faster rate by laying down separate sand beds. The usage of a sand filter as a technique is taken into consideration. In industry, it is often used to remove impurities from water and wastewater treatment. The filtration process degrades at the beginning and end, affecting the initial quality of the filtrate following backwashing. Filter to waste, delay start, sluggish start, and filter conditioning by coagulant during backwashing are all examples of waste to cope with initial filtrate quality problems. In addition, the use of coconut shells in filtration serves as a dual media filter. Designing a 'Dual media filter covered with crushed coconut shells' is more efficient, cost- effective, and long-lasting. It increases the filter's performance in terms of high filtration rate, increased filter run, reduced backwashing requirements, and high turbidity removal, making it more suitable for a variety of applications.
Copyright (c) 2024 Innovative: International Multidisciplinary Journal of Applied Technology (2995-486X)
FROM LOCAL WOOD MATERIALSPREPARED COMPOSITE CONSTRUCTIONSSTRETCH RESISTANCE
This article experimentally studies the tensile strength and deformation characteristics of prefabricated structures made of local wood materials. The aim of the study is to design environmentally friendly, inexpensive, and durable wooden structures based on local raw materials and evaluate their performance under load.
INTEGRATION OF SEISMIC DATA INTO DAM SAFETY MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS: STATE CRITERIA AND MONITORING
The safety of hydraulic structures (HS), particularly dams, in seismically active regions, represents a critical task in engineering practice. This article considers an integrated approach to incorporating seismic data at all stages of a dam’s lifecycle—from site selection to operation. Special attention is given to the system of safety criteria indicators (K1 and K2), which define the transition of a structure from normal operation to potentially hazardous and pre-failure conditions. The role of automated monitoring systems, including seism metric instrumentation, in operational decision-making is analyzed. Based on the analysis of regulatory requirements and historical precedents (for example, the Sardoba reservoir accident), the necessity of continuous monitoring of foundation deformation and filtration parameters under seismic loading is substantiated.
Nurses’ Knowledge Regarding CT Scan Procedures a Study at Tal Afar General Hospital and Health Centers
Computed tomography (CT) is a fundamental imaging sensory system utilized to investigate a broad range of medical circumstances. Nurses play an important function to the preparation and education of patients for CT scans, to ensure safety protocols to effect communication with potential radiologists and relative healthcare providers. Although there are scarce studies to uncover the nurse’s knowledge with regards to CT scan processes, particularly in the areas with limited resources, this study seeks to assess the level of knowledge as well as level of awareness among nurses in the region of Tal Afar General Hospital and other health facilities and other similar health clinics with regards to CT scan procedures. A numerical cross-sectional analysis was conducted with the use of a structured questionnaire distributed to 150 assigned health workers, especially the nurses. The data was analyzed through SPSS version 25, which focuses on the descriptive statistics and independent samples t-tests, as well as Pearson correlation. The study indicated that the nurses contained a modest to maximum stage of knowledge in areas with that has link with patients’ preparation, in radiation safety, and the CT scan process steps. And it was indicated that there were no numerically significant variations in knowledge between female and male subjects. The potent agreement was recorded in question Q1 (94.7%), while the least arrangement was found in Q14 (47.3%). While broad knowledge of CT scan processes among the nurses was sufficient, which targets training is recommended to deal with specific chasm. Enhancing knowledge in radiation protection and patient alignment can improve investigation precision and patient safety.
Impact of High Temperature Climatic Factors on the Operational Safety of Electric Vehicle Batteries in the Conditions of the Republic of Uzbekistan
The article examines the impact of high temperature climatic factors on the operational safety of electric vehicle battery systems under the conditions of the Republic of Uzbekistan. It is shown that the prolonged periods of extremely high temperatures characteristic of the region, intense solar radiation, and heating of road infrastructure create a stable thermal load on traction battery systems that significantly differs from the conditions of a temperate climate. Temperature dependent mechanisms of degradation of lithium ion batteries and the specific features of emergency condition formation, including thermal runaway, ignition, and the release of toxic decomposition products, are analyzed. Particular attention is given to assessing risks to human safety and the environment in cases of battery system overheating in densely built urban areas and enclosed spaces. An analysis of the existing regulatory and legal framework has been carried out, demonstrating its limited adaptation to hot climate conditions and insufficient regulation of climate related risks. The discussion of the results confirms the necessity of developing climate adapted requirements and preventive measures aimed at increasing the level of safety in the operation of electric vehicles in regions with high ambient temperatures.
Analysis of Traffic Congestion at a Local Intersection Using Simple Traffic Counts
Traffic congestion is a significant issue in urban environments, particularly at intersections where multiple traffic streams converge. Congestion leads to increased travel time, fuel consumption, environmental pollution, and reduced road safety. This research analyses traffic congestion at a local intersection using simple traffic counting techniques to evaluate traffic flow patterns and identify congestion levels. The study employs manual traffic counting, peak-hour analysis, and traffic volume classification to assess congestion conditions. Data were collected during morning and evening peak hours at a selected urban intersection. The analysis includes traffic volume estimation, vehicle classification, delay analysis, and intersection performance evaluation. The findings reveal that peak-hour traffic volumes significantly exceed the designed capacity of the intersection, leading to substantial delays and queue formation. The research highlights the effectiveness of simple traffic counting methods for congestion assessment and proposes practical solutions such as signal timing optimization, lane management, and traffic regulation improvements. This study provides a low-cost methodology that can be applied by municipalities and transportation planners for local traffic analysis and congestion mitigation.
Formation of Mill Scale in Portland Cement Production and Its Processing into Coagulants
Mill scale, a by-product of steel hot rolling operations, represents a significant iron-rich waste stream with considerable potential for valorization. While traditionally utilized as a raw material in Portland cement clinker production, recent advances have demonstrated the feasibility of converting mill scale into valuable iron-based coagulants for water and wastewater treatment. This review examines the formation mechanisms of mill scale during steel production, its current utilization in cement manufacturing, and innovative pathways for processing mill scale into ferric chloride, ferric sulfate, and polyferric sulfate coagulants. The synthesis methods, characterization techniques, and application performance of these recovered coagulants are systematically analyzed. Comparative assessment reveals that mill scale-derived coagulants exhibit treatment efficiencies comparable to commercial products while offering significant economic and environmental advantages. This review provides a comprehensive framework for transitioning from linear disposal practices to circular economy approaches in heavy industry waste management.
mill scale; Portland cement; iron coagulants; ferric chloride; polyferric sulfate; acid leaching; wastewater treatment; circular economy
Copyright (c) 2025 Innovative: International Multidisciplinary Journal of Applied Technology (2995-486X)
Formatıon of Jarosıte Durıng Bacterıal Oxıdatıon of Sulfıde Mınerals
The formation of jarosite-group minerals during bacterial oxidation of sulfide minerals is a common but insufficiently controlled phenomenon in biohydrometallurgical systems. In this study, jarosite precipitation is analyzed as a consequence of redox-driven iron cycling under acidic conditions typical for biooxidation processes. Particular attention is paid to the role of solution Eh–pH parameters, Fe³⁺ activity, and mineral surface evolution during oxidation. Experimental observations demonstrate that jarosite formation is not a direct biological process, but rather a chemically induced mineral transformation triggered by microbially maintained oxidizing conditions. The results show that jarosite precipitation significantly modifies the mineralogical composition of solid residues and affects the kinetics of sulfide oxidation by forming passivating surface layers. The obtained data provide a basis for controlled management of jarosite formation in biooxidation and bioleaching systems.
PROCESSING OF INDUSTRIAL LIQUID WASTE BY THE LEACHING METHOD
This paper examines the process of treating absorption waste generated during ethylene production at JV LLC “Uz-KorGas Chemical”. Particular attention is paid to the leaching method using alcohols. The conducted studies have shown that the use of alcohols makes it possible to effectively separate the waste into solid and liquid phases. The solid phase consists of burkeite, a compound that can be used in the production of detergents, thereby creating prospects for its secondary utilization. The liquid phase mainly comprises a mixture of water and alcohol. A separation method based on distillation is proposed, allowing the alcohol to be regenerated and returned to the technological cycle, thus ensuring solvent circulation. At the same time, purified water is obtained, which reduces wastewater volume and improves the environmental efficiency of the process. Thus, the proposed technology not only enables the utilization of ethylene production waste but also ensures the recovery of valuable components, contributing to resource conservation and reduced environmental impact.
RESEARCH ON OPTIMAL PARAMETERS FOR THE KILLING OF MULBERRY SILKWORM PUPAE BY A COMBINED METHOD
The work presented here is the experimental study of a synergistic ultrasonic and infrared treatment of mulberry silkworm pupae. The study investigated pupal mortalities as a function of processing time, temperature and ultrasonic frequency. The range of experimental conditions consisted of processing temperatures from 60–80°C, ultrasonic frequencies from 20–40 kHz, and processing times of 180–480 seconds. The results indicated that mortality rate was always found to be positively associated, with increase in processing time as well as ultrasonic frequencies. It was discovered that high efficiency could be achieved, especially at 40 kHz ultrasonic frequency and significantly lower temperature. According to the experimental results, recommended optimal regime parameters are you to help stifling with a high quality and to minimize its adverse effects on cocoon quality. The findings will be of practical importance in the development of advanced and energy-saving technological solutions for various sectors of sericulture. 5.3 × 10⁻⁵ to 1.42 × 10⁻⁴, approaching or exceeding acceptable limits. The findings demonstrate significant contamination of the Aluu River by microplastics with sediment acting as a major sink for these pollutants. The dominance of high-risk polymers, coupled with elevated health risk indices, indicates potential long-term ecological degradation and serious public health concerns for populations dependent on the river. Continuous environmental monitoring, strict regulation of industrial discharges, improved waste management practices, and public awareness initiatives are strongly recommended.
Energy Yield Analysis and Design of Solar PV Plants
The sun is considered one of the largest environmentally eco-friendly and sustainable energy sources, and Iraq ranks among the countries with substantial natural wealth .Iraqi population have recently suffered from the high number of hours of electrical power outage for the local and government sectors this depends on fossil fuels, as Iraq imports most of the liquid gas used for this purpose, and from this point of view, it is necessary to search for energy sources that support the supply of electrical energy and compensate for the shortage in the hours of processing of electric current. In the present research project. The solar photovoltaic system was connected on the rooftop of structure in Baghdad. A comprehensive performance assessment of this on-grid system is carry out under the local climatic conditions of Baghdad. Over the monitoring period, the system achieved an annual energy output of 166.893kWh. The daily array yield, final yield and reference yield were determined to be 4.72 kWh/kWh, 4.23 kWh/kWh, and 5.58 kWh/kWh, respectively, indicating the systems operational efficiency under real-world conditions. The results further revealed that annual average regular total losses, array fatalities and system losses are 1.35 kWh/kW, 1.12 kWh/kWh, and 0.23 kWh/kWh, additionally, the yearly efficiencies of the inverter, the overall systems, and array were found to be 98.38%, 75.91% and 20.98%. The presentation ratio and average capacity issue were 17.6% and 75.91%.
INVESTIGATION OF LUBRICITY ENHANCEMENT AND TRIBOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF SYNTHETIC FUELS IN HIGH-EFFICIENCY PISTON DEVICES
This paper reviews existing studies on enhancing the lubricity and tribological properties of synthetic liquid fuels used in high-efficiency piston devices. The effectiveness of ZnO and MoS₂ nanoparticles, organomolybdenum compounds, biodiesel, fatty acid methyl esters (FAME), and locally developed GTL-SN additives was analyzed. The studies show that additives reduce wear scar diameter (WSD), promote the formation of stable tribofilms on metal surfaces, and significantly improve the lubricating properties of synthetic fuels. Based on this review, functional additives are shown to enhance the performance and durability of piston devices operating under high-load and high-temperature conditions
Hidirova Yulduz Khojanazarovna Dusmurodova Madina Fakhriddin qizi
Copyright (c) 2026 Innovative: International Multidisciplinary Journal of Applied Technology https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Socioeconomic and Institutional Determinants of Public Acceptance of Waste-to-Energy Policies: Evidence for Sustainable Energy Transitions
Waste-to-Energy systems serve as the solution for two separate issues because they handle expanding urban waste amounts and fulfill rising need for power generation. The public must accept Waste-to-Energy systems to achieve success because these systems serve to decrease landfill waste while they create energy from waste materials. This study collected 175 adult participants through purposive sampling to complete a cross-sectional questionnaire survey. The study obtained response data through a five-point Likert scale which SPSS software processed with descriptive statistics and correlation analysis to determine how socioeconomic and institutional elements impact the results. This results showed that 34% of respondents accepted the matter at a moderate level while 29% showed high acceptance and 14% demonstrated very high acceptance. The majority of people showed moderate awareness levels which reached 40 % but 19 % of people said they had no knowledge. Younger respondents between 26 and 30 years old demonstrated the strongest agreement with a mean score of 3.78 but people over 51 years old showed the weakest agreement with a mean score of 3.42. The survey showed that 41% of people had moderate trust in government while 37% expressed high trust in government institutions. Public acceptance of policies is largely determined by citizens understand these policies in conjunction with their social contexts as well as their level of trust in institutions and their evaluation of government actions.
Copyright (c) 2023 Innovative: International Multidisciplinary Journal of Applied Technology (2995-486X)
Properties of Solar Rossby Waves and Their Correlation with Solar Cycles: Helioseismic Observations and Theoretical Explanations
Solar Rossby waves, also known as r-modes, are large-scale global oscillations driven by the Sun’s rotation and play a significant role in solar interior dynamics. In recent years, helioseismic observations have enabled the detection and characterization of these waves, revealing their potential connection with long-term solar activity variations. This study investigates the physical properties of solar Rossby waves and examines their correlation with solar cycle indicators using helioseismic data and statistical analysis techniques. I analyze several low-order azimuthal modes of Rossby waves, focusing on their frequencies, amplitudes, and temporal evolution. Correlation analysis is performed between the extracted Rossby wave parameters and established solar activity indices, including sunspot numbers and magnetic activity proxies. Both Pearson and Spearman correlation coefficients are employed to assess the robustness of linear and monotonic relationships. The results demonstrate that low azimuthal wave number modes exhibit statistically significant correlations with solar activity, with certain modes showing stronger associations during specific phases of the solar cycle. These findings support the hypothesis that solar Rossby waves are dynamically linked to the solar magnetic cycle and may contribute to the modulation of large-scale solar activity. The study provides observational and theoretical insights into the role of Rossby waves in solar dynamics and offers a framework for future investigations of solar cycle variability.