Innovative: International Multidisciplinary Journal of Applied Technology (2995-486X)
Innovative: International Multidisciplinary Journal of Applied Technology (IMJAT) with U.S ISSN 2995-486X is a peer-reviewed, open-access scientific journal dedicated to publishing original research and innovative developments across a broad spectrum of applied and technical sciences. With its growing reputation, IMJAT continues to be a valuable platform for academics, researchers, engineers, and industry professionals seeking to publish impactful research that advances applied science and technology on a global scale. We are pleased to announce that IMJAT has been officially recognized by the Higher Attestation Commission (OAK) of the Republic of Uzbekistan for meeting the criteria required for technical sciences publications. As per OAK Decision No. 368/4 dated March 6, 2025, the journal is now listed as a recommended scientific publication for “05.00.00 – Technical Sciences, making it a valid outlet for PhD and DSc researchers to publish their dissertation-related scientific results. JOURNAL INFORMATION Journal title : Innovative: International Multidisciplinary Journal of Applied Technology (IMJAT) Initials : Innovative Abbreviation : Int.Multi.Jour. Applied. Techno. Frequency : Monthly Published DOI : Publisher Association : Antis Publishing House Online ISSN : ISSN 2995-486X (Online) | Innovative | The ISSN Portal Collaboration Institution : Kokand State University Publisher : Multi Journals Press Citation Analysis : IEEE Reference Style Accreditation : - Abstracting and Indexing : Click here
MORPHOLOGICAL CHARACTERIZATION BY SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPY (SEM) OF COMPOSITE ADSORBENTS DERIVED FROM PLANT HUSK WASTE: A BASIS FOR DEVELOPING ECO-FRIENDLY MATERIALS FOR POLLUTANT ADSORPTION
This study investigates the morphological features, obtained by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), of individual activated carbons prepared from agricultural and fruit-processing wastes apricot stone shells, walnut shells and grape seed shells and of their three-component composite adsorbent. The samples were pyrolysed at 600 °C in an inert atmosphere, chemically activated with KOH, and converted into a composite by mechanical mixing in an equal mass ratio (1:1:1) followed by a secondary heat treatment (300 °C). SEM analysis revealed that each precursor forms a distinct carbon skeleton: the apricot pyrolysate showed an open cellular (honeycomb-like) structure (cell density 400–600 cells/mm²), the walnut pyrolysate a dense sponge-like 3D-interconnected structure (800–1000 cells/mm²), and the grape pyrolysate a lamellar (plate-like) and “Swiss-cheese” morphology. KOH activation opened the cell walls in all samples and generated submicron pores (200–500 nm). The composite developed a hybrid “cheese–cellular–plate” morphology, absent in any individual component, together with a zone rich in uniformly sized (1–2 µm) circular pores, which morphologically confirms the synergistic effect of compositing. The resulting granular commercial form (0.3–0.8 mm) indicates the potential of the composite for industrial-scale application.
Copyright (c) 2025 Karimova Zarifa, Nurmurodov Tulqin (Author)
PHYSICO-CHEMICAL, TEXTURAL AND OPERATIONAL PROPERTIES OF CATALYSTS OBTAINED FROM LOCAL MINERAL RAW MATERIALS AND INDUSTRIAL TECHNOGENIC WASTE
The physico-chemical, textural, mechanical and operational properties of catalysts prepared from local mineral raw materials Oltintog’ and Angren kaolins, various grades of Navbahor bentonite, and Karmana opaque zeolite-bearing rocks together with industrial technogenic waste (metal-oxide active components) were studied. The supports were modified thermally, by acid treatment and hydrothermally; CuO, Bi2O3, NiO, CoO, ZnO, Cr2O3 and CdO were used as active components. The samples were characterized by IR spectroscopy, X-ray phase analysis (Rietveld method), scanning electron microscopy (SEM-EDS), a Shimadzu AGS-X mechanical testing machine, and water- and benzene-vapour adsorption isotherms (BET) measured on a McBain–Bakr balance. The results showed that the catalysts possess both Brønsted and Lewis acid sites, exhibit type IV adsorption isotherms, and have specific surface areas of 180–198 m2/g and crushing strengths of 44–60 kg/cm2. Bentonite-supported catalysts were distinguished by relatively higher specific surface area, mechanical strength and resistance to poisoning. The study substantiates the feasibility of converting cheap local raw materials and technogenic waste into value-added catalysts (a resource-efficient, circular approach).
Copyright (c) 2025 Umrzokov Abdulla, Mukhitdinov Boxodir, Vapoyev Xusniddin (Author)
CLASSIFICATION OF NATURAL AND MAN-MADE EMERGENCIES
Improved or developed methodologies for analyzing various types of emergencies make it possible to predict them. However, these methods are generating debate on a number of issues, one of which is the problem of identifying the determining factors that shape the risk of natural and man-made emergencies in the study area. Addressing this and a number of other issues requires the use of specialized methods, which have been largely neglected to date. Many hazards are multifaceted (floods can be devastating for cities, paralyzing for flooded roads, or depleting agricultural lands). Based on the areas affected by the disaster, natural risks are classified by their magnitude.
Copyright (c) 2026 Khodjakulov Mukhtorjon Nazarkulovich (Author)
STRUCTURAL-DERIVATIONAL STUDY OF SYNONYMY, HOMONYMY, AND POLYSEMY PHENOMENA IN METALLURGICAL TERMINOLOGY
This article provides a profound structural-derivational analysis of synonymy, homonymy, and polysemy phenomena found in English metallurgical terminology. Due to the rapid development of the metallurgical industry's terminology under the conditions of modern scientific and technological progress, studying the semantic and structural characteristics of its lexical units is of significant importance. Throughout the research, the formation sources of metallurgical terms, their derivational models, as well as the semantic relationships between terms are systematically analyzed. In the article, the phenomenon of synonymy is highlighted through the expression of metallurgical terms in alternative forms, based on their scope of application and functional differences. The phenomenon of homonymy is examined through the example of terms that possess the same form but carry different meanings, and the mechanisms of their contextual differentiation are identified. Within the framework of the polysemy phenomenon, the expression of several interrelated meanings by a single term is analyzed based on the stages of their historical and functional development. Based on a structural-derivational approach, the study investigates metallurgical terms formed through word-building methods such as affixation, composition, and conversion, revealing the processes of their semantic expansion and specialization. Furthermore, the interactions of English metallurgical terminology with the terminology of other languages, particularly the Uzbek language, and translation challenges are partially covered. The results of this article serve as a theoretical and practical basis for systematizing metallurgical terminology, accurately interpreting scientific-technical texts, and compiling terminological dictionaries.
Copyright (c) 2026 O'tkirova Shahlo Asqar qizi (Author)
INTEGRATED GPU-BASED MODELING OF MEDICAL DATABASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS
The rapid growth of medical data volumes and the increasing complexity of analytical tasks require database management systems (DBMS) with high computational efficiency, scalability, and reliability. Modern information technologies, particularly graphics processing units (GPUs), provide powerful tools for accelerating data-intensive operations through massive parallelism. This paper presents an integrated overview of GPU architectures and their application in modeling and optimizing medical database management systems. We analyze key GPU architectural solutions (G80, GT200, and Fermi), the CUDA parallel programming model, and memory hierarchies, and demonstrate their relevance for medical data storage, processing, and signal analysis. The proposed integrated approach enables efficient processing of medical signals and images, supports large-scale databases, and reduces computational and economic costs in internet-based medical applications.
Copyright (c) 2026 Rakhimov Bakhtiyar Saidovich, Sobirova Sabokhat Kabulovna, Rakhimova Feroza Bakhtiyarovna , Allayarova Asal Akabarovna, Saidov Atabek Bakhtiyarovich (Author)
THE ROLE OF DIGITAL TWIN TECHNOLOGY IN ENHANCING INVENTORY VISIBILITY AND REDUCING BOTTLENECKS IN COMPLEX MANUFACTURING SYSTEMS
Industry 4.0 technologies as well as, Digital Twin technology has significantly changed the manufacturing industry as it allows real-time monitoring, simulating, and analyzing physical systems. The study examines how Digital Twin can be used to improve inventory visibility and reduce the number of bottlenecks in complex manufacturing environments. Digital Twin can be used to minimize inefficiencies and transform the overall work performance through the increased transparency of supply chains and streamlined production processes. Methods: The research methodology was quantitative with the secondary data sources at Bureau of Economic Analysis (BEA). The correlation analysis, paired t-tests, and multiple regression analysis were employed to evaluate the correlation between Digital Twin technology and the most important manufacturing parameters, including inventory management and production efficiency. Results: The findings show that Digital Twin technology can have a strong positive impact on the production efficiency and inventory visibility, especially with the help of real-time data and foretelling analytic tools. Nonetheless, the decrease in bottlenecks was not as significant as it should have been, and Digital Agility and Digital Flexibility had minimal impacts on reduction of the bottlenecks. The paper also indicates that Digital Twin technology will be beneficial in streamlining manufacturing, but the capability of workforce and system integration have to be tackled. Conclusion: Digital Twin can provide a viable option as a tool to improve inventory control and to minimize bottlenecks in manufacturing, to allow the creation of leaner, responsive, and greener manufacturing systems.
Copyright (c) 2024 Md. Rezaul Haque, Fazle Alahi Bhuiyan (Author)
Digital Transformation of the Construction Design Based on the Building Information Modelling
Background: The construction sector experiences an active digital evolution which Building Information Modelling (BIM) operates as essential technology to enhance design operations and project management and maintain better coordination between teams. Methods: The research used a quantitative approach to gather information through structured questionnaires which construction professionals including engineers and architects and project managers completed. The research team used purposive sampling to pick study participants who had direct experience working with BIM systems. The research instrument applied a 5-point Likert scale which evaluated BIM operational methods and fundamental BIM components including design efficiency and clash detection and visualization and collaboration and cost reduction and project success metrics. and Pearson correlation and multiple regression analysis to investigate the connections between different variables. Results: Projects that employ BIM will see significantly improved performance (i.e., example; clash detection (86.5%), visualization (84.1%), accuracy of the design (82.2%)). There is a strong positive correlation between BIM elements and the performance of the project as determined by correlation analysis (R=0.79). A regression also indicates that BIM can be accounted for as having contributed to the variations in project performance (R²=0.62). The role of design efficiency and clash detection are two important BIM elements that have been directly correlated to the success of construction based projects and their performance. Conclusion: Therefore, based on the findings of this study, it can be concluded that BIM serves a vital function in enhancing the construction process as well as improving project performance by increasing its efficiency.
Copyright (c) 2026 Innovative: International Multidisciplinary Journal of Applied Technology https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
THE FACTORS AFFECTING ON THE GAS SENSING: REVIEW
In this review, we discussed the impact of oxygen vacancy, doping, film thickness, annealing temperature, and grain size on the gas sensing. One of the most common defects in thin films is oxygen vacancies, whose concentration varies based on the growth time and the microstructure of the synthesis films. The vacancies of oxygen considered centers for the accumulation of charge carriers, which reducing their losses resulting from recombination and contributes the increasing the life time of photogenerated charge. In addition, the oxygen vacant sites act as active adsorption centers, increasing the amount of chemisorbed oxygen species (O_2^-,O^-) which pull electrons from the conduction band and lead to the creation of a surface depletion layer. Silver atoms on the WO3 sensor surface enhance oxygen adsorbed, thus increasing the chemically adsorbed species such as O^(2-), therefore Ag doping of the WO3 layer successfully improves NO sensitivity. A thicker layer contains more pores and clusters than a thinner layer. In this case, even reactant gas is depleted oxygen and fresh oxygen are introduced, the length of the delay time required for the oxygen to penetrate the thick layer results in slow reabsorption of oxygen ions. Increasing the surface roughness contributes to providing a large surface area, which allows a greater number gas molecules to interact with the surface of film. The number of cracks in the thin film’s material is related to an increase in resistance, which depends on the layer thickness and applied deformation. Although the cracks may be pathway for gas entrapment, they are also very likely to cause an electrical breakdown that in this area. Annealing in air leads to increased oxygen vacancies generation which enhances gas sensitivity. The grain size has a significant effect on gas sensor based on n-type semiconductor like tin oxide, where electrons pass through potential energy barriers. The number of these barriers, which form at the grain boundaries, decreases as grain size increases.
Copyright (c) 2026 Azhar Mohammed Abd (Author)
MATHEMATICAL MODELING AND EFFICIENCY EVALUATION OF A HYDROSTATIC REGENERATIVE BRAKING SYSTEM IN QUARRY DUMP TRUCKS
This article examines the issues of improving energy efficiency in dump trucks operating under quarry conditions. The importance of hydrostatic regenerative technologies based on the recovery of kinetic energy lost during braking is scientifically substantiated. The study analyzes energy flows by considering vehicle operating modes, load levels, and driving conditions. The potential for reducing energy losses through the application of regenerative systems is identified. The processes of energy storage in hydraulic accumulators and its efficient utilization are evaluated. The results demonstrate the potential to reduce fuel consumption, improve environmental performance, and decrease exhaust emissions.
Copyright (c) 2026 Pulatov T. R., Umrzoqov J. A., Xamidov Sh. X. (Author)
ON THE PROBLEM OF WASTEWATER FORMATION, DISPOSAL, TREATMENT, AND DISCHARGE
The article examines the theoretical and applied aspects of wastewater generation, drainage, treatment, and discharge into water bodies under conditions of increasing anthropogenic pressure on aquatic ecosystems. It provides a systematic analysis of wastewater generation sources, their quantitative and qualitative characteristics, modern transportation and treatment technologies, and environmental requirements for discharging treated water into water bodies. The study substantiates the need to implement integrated water management solutions based on the principles of a circular economy and sustainable development. Particular attention is paid to the application of best available technologies, the digitalization of monitoring processes, and the minimization of environmental risks.
Copyright (c) 2026 Jumanazarova L. S. (Author)
SCIENTIFIC FOUNDATIONS OF THE HARMONISATION OF ERGONOMICS, PRODUCTION, AND HUMAN HEALTH
This article examines the relationship between ergonomics, production efficiency, and human health from both scientific and practical perspectives. The study rests on a straightforward premise: many workplace problems cannot be attributed solely to equipment failure or employee inattentiveness. In the majority of cases, the root cause lies elsewhere — in a workplace not adapted to the human being, a work pace that disregards physiological limits, an information flow that overwhelms the employee, and management that fails to identify hazards in time. The novelty of the study lies in treating ergonomics not as a narrow subject concerned with desk or chair specifications, but as an integral part of occupational safety, productivity, the prevention of occupational diseases, and safety culture. The analysis draws on the following documents of the Republic of Uzbekistan: Law No. URQ-410 "On Occupational Safety"; the Labour Code approved by Law No. URQ-798; Resolution No. CMR-819 on occupational safety regulations; Resolution No. CMR-263 on workplace attestation; and ILO Convention No. 155 ratified by Law No. URQ-969 . The analysis is further supported by international ergonomic standards, Resolution No. CMR-454 on occupational hygiene norms, and established findings from Russian and international ergonomics research.
Copyright (c) 2026 Azizbek Abdulazizovich Bakhodirov , Khabib Kholikovich Razzokov (Author)
SPATIALLY RESOLVED COMPOSITE RADIOLOGICAL AND HEAVY METAL RISK ASSESSMENT AROUND THE ARIARIA MUNICIPAL WASTE DUMPSITE: BUFFER ZONE HAZARD MAPPING AND POPULATION EXPOSURE ANALYSIS IN NIGERIA
Municipal waste dumpsites in low- and middle-income countries are often unlined and poorly regulated, releasing a complex mixture of heavy metals and naturally occurring radionuclides into surrounding environments. Conventional risk assessments typically evaluate these hazards independently, thereby underestimating cumulative exposure and associated health risks. There is an urgent need for spatially explicit, integrated risk mapping approaches to inform effective intervention strategies. A field-based assessment was conducted around the ariaria dumpsite, Nigeria, using three concentric buffer zones (0–100 m, 100–300 m, and 300–500 m). Data collection included (i) in situ background ionizing radiation (BIR) measurements (n = 120) using a calibrated dosimeter, (ii) soil sampling (n = 45) for heavy metal analysis (Pb, Cd, Cr, As, Ni) via ICP-MS, and (iii) groundwater sampling (n = 15). Radiological indices (AEDE, ELCR) and toxicological indices (HQ, HI, CR) were computed. Spatial distributions were generated using ordinary kriging, and a Composite Risk Index (CRI = normalized AEDE + normalized HI + normalized CR) was developed. Population exposure was estimated through GIS-based overlay with high-resolution census data. BIR decreased from 0.21 µSv/h (0-100 m) to 0.09 µSv/h (300-500 m), while Pb concentrations declined from 85 mg/kg to 22 mg/kg, indicating consistent spatial attenuation. The CRI exceeded unity up to ~250 m from the dumpsite. Within the 0–100 m zone, approximately 1,250 residents are exposed to CRI > 1, corresponding to ELCR > 10⁻⁴ and HI >1. A significant spatial correlation between radiological and toxicological hazards (R² = 0.68, p < 0.01) suggests common waste sources. It was concluded that integrated spatial risk assessment reveals that single-hazard approaches underestimate environmental exposure. Similarly, the buffer zone framework provides actionable guidance for resettlement and remediation, while the composite mapping approach offers a transferable tool for global dumpsite risk evaluation.
MATHEMATICAL MODELING OF THERMAL PROCESSES IN TRUNCATED CONICAL SOLAR WATER HEATERS
This article examines the mathematical modeling of thermal processes occurring in a truncated conical solar water heater collector. These collectors are crucial in enhancing energy efficiency and developing environmentally friendly heat sources. During the modeling process, convection, heat conduction, and radiative heat transfer processes are clearly expressed based on the Navier-Stokes equations. The complex nature of heat flow, the geometric characteristics of the collector, and the non-uniform absorption of solar radiation are all taken into account in the model. A three-dimensional system of differential equations, which describes the conservation of mass, momentum, and energy transfer, is used as the basis of the mathematical model. Also, the correct definition of boundary and initial conditions ensures that thermal processes are modeled in accordance with real conditions. The results of this study have served to increase the efficiency of solar water heater collectors and provide a deep analysis of heat exchange processes.
Copyright (c) 2026 N.R. Esanaliyeva (Author)
THE RELEVANCE OF DEVELOPING AN INNOVATIVE SYSTEM FOR REMOTE MONITORING AND MAPPING OF AGRICULTURAL LANDS
This study emphasizes that creating maps of agricultural lands through remote sensing and innovative methods is not merely a visual tool, but also a powerful instrument for complex data analysis, forecasting, and decision-making, and may serve as a foundation for sustainable development. The study substantiates proposals for solving land-use planning problems through the preparation of various maps based on satellite imagery. It also examines the main objectives of agriculture, including restoring an effective agricultural land management system, reviving land-use planning as a core management function, establishing an efficient monitoring system for assessing land conditions and qualitative changes in the land fund, financially supporting agricultural producers, ensuring the rational use of designated land parcels, and increasing the investment attractiveness of agriculture.
Copyright (c) 2026 Gʻulom Artikov, Anvar Mirzayev, Usmonjon Berdikulov (Author)
GIS-BASED APPROACHES TO THE CADASTRAL MANAGEMENT OF MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE LANDFILLS: A FRAMEWORK FOR ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND SPATIAL DECISION-MAKING IN UZBEKISTAN
Municipal solid waste landfills represent environmentally sensitive land-use objects whose management requires accurate registration, continuous monitoring, and spatially informed decision-making. In Uzbekistan, landfill governance remains constrained by fragmented cadastral records, incomplete environmental control, and weak integration between land administration and ecological monitoring systems. This study develops a GIS-based framework for the cadastral management of waste landfills by integrating cadastral, topographic, hydrological, soil, land-use, and monitoring data within a unified spatial platform. The methodology is based on geospatial database preparation, landfill boundary digitization, overlay analysis, buffer zoning, and sensitivity classification. The results show that the proposed framework improves the positional clarity of landfill registration, enables the identification of environmentally sensitive sites, supports the detection of land-use conflicts, and facilitates the prioritization of landfill monitoring. The study demonstrates that GIS can serve as an effective tool for linking cadastral management with environmental assessment and spatial governance. The proposed approach is particularly relevant for countries with incomplete digital cadastral integration and legacy landfill infrastructure.
Copyright (c) 2026 Artikov G‘ulom Abduraxmonovich, Nomozov Adham Almamat o‘g‘li (Author)
PROTECTIVE SHUTDOWN OF ADAPTATION IN CASE OF UNRELIABLE ESTIMATES IN THE WATER SUPPLY AND HEATING CONTROL SYSTEM
This paper examines the problem of improving the reliability of adaptive control in water supply and heating systems under conditions of noise, measurement asynchronousness, and residual estimation errors. A protection mechanism is proposed between the estimation unit and the fuzzy adaptation unit for the PID controller coefficients. After normalizing the current state and parameter estimates, a vector of invalidity indicators is generated. If the information is correct, the controller coefficients are determined using the Mamdani fuzzy inference mechanism. If the admissibility limit is violated, the adaptation is disabled, and control continues with fixed coefficients. This approach eliminates erroneous controller reconfiguration and maintains the continuity of the computational cycle.
Copyright (c) 2026 Khamdamov, Utkir Rakhmatillayevich, Hodjaeva Damira (Author)
CLASSIFICATION OF COMPLEX ANATOMICAL VARIANTS IN PEDIATRIC PATIENTS AFTER URANOPLASTY: AN INTEGRATED DIGITAL AND BIOCHEMICAL MONITORING APPROACH
Background: Cleft palate (CP) remains one of the most prevalent congenital craniofacial anomalies globally, affecting approximately 1 in 700 live births. Although uranoplasty restores anatomical continuity of the palate, post-surgical rehabilitation is frequently complicated by residual neuromuscular imbalances, altered occlusal dynamics, and compromised mucosal immune function. The absence of an integrated, multimodal monitoring framework limits the clinician's ability to detect and address these sequelae in a timely manner. Objective: This study aimed to develop and validate an integrated classification of complex anatomical variants observed in post-uranoplasty pediatric patients, and to evaluate the effectiveness of digital monitoring combined with biopolymer aligner-based orthodontic therapy on neuromuscular, occlusal, and biochemical outcomes. Methods: A prospective clinical observational study enrolled 150 children aged 6–12 years, divided into three groups of 50: a main group receiving digital monitoring with electromyography (EMG), T-Scan occlusal analysis, and biopolymer aligner therapy; a comparison group receiving conventional orthodontic treatment; and a healthy control group. Salivary biomarkers—alpha-amylase and secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA)—were quantified at baseline and after 12 months. Statistical analysis employed the Mann–Whitney U test, Wilcoxon signed-rank test, and Spearman correlation (significance: p<0.05). Results: At baseline, masseter peak amplitude in the main group was 118.4 ± 12.3 μV, representing a 2.1-fold reduction versus controls (247.3 ± 18.6 μV; p<0.001). Muscular asymmetry index reached 31.4 ± 3.4%. Total occlusion time was prolonged approximately fourfold (1.82 ± 0.21 s vs. 0.46 ± 0.06 s in controls; p<0.001). Salivary alpha-amylase was elevated 2.2-fold relative to healthy peers. After 12 months, the main group demonstrated statistically superior improvements in all parameters compared to the comparison group (p<0.05 for all outcomes). Conclusion: Integrated digital monitoring combining EMG, T-Scan, and salivary biomarkers enables a precise, evidence-based classification of post-uranoplasty anatomical variants and substantially enhances rehabilitation outcomes. Early multimodal intervention is recommended for all pediatric patients following cleft palate repair.
Copyright (c) 2026 Innovative: International Multidisciplinary Journal of Applied Technology
CHINESE INVESTMENT IN UZBEKISTAN'S MINING SECTOR UNDER THE BELT AND ROAD INITIATIVE (BRI): STRATEGIC DRIVERS, NETWORK EMBEDDEDNESS, AND GLOBAL TRANSMISSION
Chinese mining investment in countries along the Belt and Road represents not only a deepening of bilateral economic and trade cooperation but also a new variable influencing the global economic landscape. Taking Uzbekistan as a case study, this paper constructs a three-stage analytical framework of "Strategic Drivers-Network Embeddedness-Global Transmission" to systematically examine the complete logic chain of Chinese mining investment, from its motivations and local practices to the transmission of global effects. The study finds that, at the strategic driver level, China's resource security needs and Uzbekistan's "resource-based development" strategy form a deep strategic coupling, providing the fundamental impetus for large-scale investment. At the network embeddedness level, Chinese investment deeply embeds itself into Uzbekistan's industrial system through technology transfer, infrastructure construction, and capital injection, reshaping its mining sector from a "point-based extraction" model into a "full-chain integration" model, generating significant technological spillovers and localization effects. Building on this, the paper focuses on demonstrating the global transmission effects of the investment: First, it reshapes global resource supply chains by constructing a Eurasian mineral resources corridor, enhancing supply diversity and resilience. Second, it innovates the "resource-finance-infrastructure" bundled model, offering an alternative development financing approach for Global South countries. Third, it promotes the rise of the Central Asian "land power" resource hub, subtly altering the global trade and capital flow patterns historically oriented towards maritime power. The study concludes that Chinese mining investment in Uzbekistan has become a crucial window for observing the "multipolarization" trend of globalization.
Copyright (c) 2026 Zhao Shengli (Author)
OPTIMIZATION OF LARGE-SPAN STEEL TRUSSES THROUGH MODIFICATION OF STRUCTURAL FORM
This study addresses the problem of improving the structural efficiency of large-span steel trusses, which are widely used in construction due to their simplicity and adaptability but are often associated with increased material consumption and complex stress states under non-nodal loading. A key issue arises when concentrated loads act between nodes, generating additional bending moments (M) and shear forces (Q) in the upper chord members, leading to unfavorable stress–strain conditions. To overcome this limitation, the research proposes a constructive approach based on the local reverse bending of the upper chord panels. The knowledge gap lies in the insufficient exploration of how modifying the geometric form of truss elements can influence internal force distribution and reduce material usage. The study investigates two variants of a 36 m span pentagonal steel truss: a conventional model with a straight upper chord and a modified model with pre-bent upper chord panels. Using numerical analysis in the LIRA-SAPR 2017 environment, both models were subjected to identical static and dynamic loading conditions. The results demonstrate that reverse bending significantly reduces bending moments and shear forces in the upper chord members, leading to a more efficient stress distribution. The optimal performance was achieved at a bending height of f=12 cm. The findings confirm that this method enhances load-bearing capacity, reduces structural deformation, and decreases steel consumption by up to 10–11% overall and 20–21% in upper chord elements. The proposed solution offers a practical and economically efficient approach for optimizing large-span steel truss design.
Copyright (c) 2026 S. Asliyev, M. Balgayeva (Author)
EFFECTIVE METHODS AND TOOLS FOR THE USE OF DIGITAL TECHNOLOGIES IN THE EDUCATIONAL PROCESS
This article explores the importance and effectiveness of using digital technologies in education. Various methods and tools that contribute to improving the quality of the learning process, increasing student motivation, and adopting a modern approach to education are considered. The advantages of digitalization in learning, as well as the features of implementing digital educational resources and platforms, are analyzed. Special attention is given to effective pedagogical approaches that enhance the quality of education.
Copyright (c) 2026 Sharapova N. A. (Author)
STUDY OF THE INFLUENCE OF GASOPYROLYSIS RESIN ON THE STRUCTURAL FORMATION OF REZINES
In this work, the possibility of using the tar product of gas-pyrolysis resin - a polymer production waste - in the production of composite elastomeric materials was investigated. The composition and physicochemical properties of gas-pyrolysis resin have been established. It was determined that the boiling and flash point of organic substances used in the production of elastomeric compositions should not be lower than 180°C, therefore, it was heat-treated with gas-pyrolysis resin at 200°C for 4 hours. It has been established that the cubic residue of gas-pyrolysis resin plays an important role in the formation of the structure and properties of elastomeric composite materials as a result of interaction with donor-acceptor bonds during the inhibition of thermo-photochemical processes, the strength of composites during rupture increases, the relative length during stretching slightly decreases, the hardness and -C-C- bond in the vulcanization grid increase, as a result of which the active substances contained in the cubic residue of gas-pyrolysis resins increase.
Copyright (c) 2026 Makhsetbaev Ernazar Akhmedovich, Ibadullaev Axmadjon, Xushnudbek Samandarov, Murodjon Vapaev (Author)
DEVELOPMENT OF RESOURCE-EFFICIENT TECHNOLOGIES FOR PROCESSING ACIDIC AND SALINE INDUSTRIAL LIQUID WASTES INTO VALUABLE PRODUCTSI
This study presents the development of physico-chemical and technological principles for the processing of acidic and saline liquid industrial wastes. The research focuses on spent sulfuric acid, saturated diethylene glycol, and neutralized industrial wastewater. Based on thermodynamic analysis and solubility diagrams, resource-efficient technologies were developed to obtain valuable products such as potassium sulfate, burkeite, purified water, and regenerated DEG. The proposed approaches demonstrate high efficiency and environmental safety.
Copyright (c) 2026 Excellencia: International Multi-disciplinary Journal of Education https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
KEY FACTORS AFFECTING THE EFFICIENCY OF ELECTROCOAGULATION IN WASTEWATER TREATMENT
Electrocoagulation (EC) has emerged as an effective method for wastewater treatment due to its ability to remove a wide range of contaminants with low chemical input. This study provides a comprehensive review of the key factors influencing EC efficiency, including operational parameters, water quality characteristics, and reactor design. The analysis shows that current density, pH, conductivity, electrode material, and electrolysis time play a critical role in determining treatment performance. Under optimized conditions, EC achieves removal efficiencies exceeding 90% for COD, turbidity, and color, while maintaining relatively low sludge production. However, process efficiency varies significantly depending on wastewater composition, requiring system-specific optimization. Performance evaluation highlights the importance of energy consumption and electrode dissolution as key economic factors. Advanced optimization methods, such as Response Surface Methodology, allow identification of optimal operating conditions under multiple interacting variables. Despite its advantages, challenges such as electrode passivation, lack of standardized reactor design, and operational costs limit large-scale implementation. Recent developments focus on hybrid systems and renewable energy integration, which have demonstrated removal efficiencies up to 100% for specific pollutants. Electrocoagulation represents a promising solution for sustainable wastewater treatment, particularly when combined with optimized design and integrated treatment approaches.
Copyright (c) 2026 Farkhod Murtazaev, Dilnora Ganieva, Mehriniso Maxmudova (Author)
SCIENTIFIC AND METHODOLOGICAL FOUNDATIONS FOR EVALUATING THE EFFECTIVENESS OF WOMEN'S ENTREPRENEURSHIP DEVELOPMENT
This article explores the scientific and methodological foundations for assessing the effectiveness of women's entrepreneurship development. A systematic analysis of the evolution of the concept of "entrepreneurship," its role in the history of economic thought, and the specific characteristics of women's business is conducted. The article proposes a methodology for using integrated indicators that combine economic, social, institutional, and environmental approaches in evaluating effectiveness. The impact of human capital and management quality on the development of the sector is also assessed.
Copyright (c) 2026 Innovative: International Multidisciplinary Journal of Applied Technology (2995-486X)
THE ROLE OF INTELLECTUAL, EMOTIONAL, AND SOCIAL COMPETENCIES IN THE LEADERSHIP QUALITIES OF YOUNG OFFICERS OF THE MINISTRY OF DEFENSE
This article analyzes the role of intellectual, emotional, and social competencies in shaping the leadership qualities of young officers in the Ministry of Defense. It highlights that the effectiveness of a leading officer depends not only on professional knowledge and strategic thinking but also on the ability to manage emotions, communicate effectively with the team, and adapt to the social environment. The research scientifically substantiates the importance of these competencies in the decision-making processes, team management, and effective execution of service duties by young officers. Furthermore, it emphasizes the necessity of cultivating intellectual potential, emotional stability, and social engagement to develop leadership skills in young officers.
THE ROLE OF DIGITAL PLATFORMS IN DEVELOPING STUDENTS’ MOTIVATION AND LANGUAGE COMPETENCE
In modern education, digital platforms have become an important factor that significantly transforms students’ attitudes toward language learning and their learning activities. These platforms help shift education from a traditional transmissive model to an interactive, student-centered, and competence-based approach. Digital platforms increase students’ internal motivation through interactive tasks, immediate feedback, and multimodal materials. As a result, students become more active participants in the learning process and develop confidence in their learning outcomes. Furthermore, digital platforms enable the integrated development of language competencies such as listening, reading, writing, and speaking. Through online discussions, written tasks, and audio-visual materials, learners acquire language skills not only in artificial learning environments but also in real communicative contexts. Digital learning environments also support autonomous learning by allowing students to choose materials according to their pace, interests, and needs. Consequently, language competence develops continuously beyond the classroom. The study also highlights that digital platforms foster social and communicative competence through collaborative activities such as group tasks, forums, and online discussions. However, the effectiveness of digital platforms depends on their pedagogical and methodological design. When applied appropriately, digital platforms create an effective educational environment that enhances motivation and systematically develops language competence.
VALORIZATION OF AZNEK PHOSPHORITE AND ACTIVATED SLUDGE FOR SUSTAINABLE ORGANOMINERAL FERTILIZER PRODUCTION
This study investigates the feasibility of producing organomineral fertilizers based on Aznek phosphorite (AF) and activated sludge (AL) derived from biochemical wastewater treatment plants. The main objective was to determine the optimal component ratios and evaluate the effect of nitric acid activation on the transformation of phosphorus into plant-available forms. Laboratory experiments were carried out using AF:AL mass ratios ranging from 90:10 to 20:80 and nitric acid (55.6% HNO₃) dosages of 50–90% of the stoichiometric requirement relative to CaO content. The results showed that increasing acid dosage led to a decrease in total P₂O₅ content (from 13.16% to 10.44% at 90:10 ratio), while significantly enhancing the amount of assimilated P₂O₅ (from 6.07% to 8.51%). The relative availability of phosphorus increased up to 86.26% with increasing activated sludge content and acid dosage. A similar trend was observed for calcium, where assimilated CaO increased with acid treatment. The organic matter, including humic and fulvic acids, increased significantly with higher AL proportions, reaching up to 30.13%.
MULTI-STAGE OPTIMIZATION OF LIQUID ORGANOMINERAL FERTILIZER PRODUCTION FROM POULTRY MANURE AND PHOSPHORITE SLUDGE: CHEMICAL SYNERGY AND EXTRACTION MECHANISMS
The sustainable management of agricultural and industrial wastes is a cornerstone of the modern circular economy. This study provides a comprehensive analysis of the production of liquid organomineral fertilizers using poultry manure (PM) and low-grade phosphorite sludge (PS) via alkaline extraction. By varying the component ratios (95:5 to 65:35) and solid-to-liquid (S:L) ratios (1:1 to 1:3), we identified the critical parameters governing nutrient recovery. Experimental data show that P2O5 and CaO concentrations are maximized in mineral-rich blends, while the preservation of bio-active humic and fulvic acids requires a manure-dominant matrix. The study also discusses the chemical mechanism of phosphorus solubilization by organic ligands in an alkaline medium. The optimized formulation (PM:PS = 75:25, S:L = 1:2) yields a balanced nutrient profile suitable for high-yield sustainable agriculture.
ANALYSIS OF ERRORS IN TOROIDAL CORE LINEAR MOTION DRIVES AND METHODS FOR ACCURACY IMPROVEMENT
This article presents a comprehensive analysis of electromagnetic and structural errors that occur in toroidal core linear motion systems and evaluates their influence on the operational accuracy and stability of the device. Linear motion drives based on toroidal cores are widely used in modern electromechanical and mechatronic systems thanks to their compact structure, high efficiency and ability to generate stable electromagnetic forces. However, various electromagnetic and constructive imperfections that arise during the design and manufacturing processes can have a negative impact on system performance, positioning accuracy and dynamic characteristics. So, finding and fixing these mistakes is an important job for scientists and engineers. The primary aim of this research is to identify the essential parameters that guarantee stable traction force generation, diminish vibration levels, and enhance positioning accuracy in toroidal core drives. The study focuses on the effects of magnetic flux distribution, air-gap geometry, winding symmetry, magnetic saturation, and structural alignment on the system's electromagnetic behavior. The study further investigates how fluctuations in these parameters result in alterations of electromagnetic force, energy dissipation, and dynamic instability within the motion system. Mathematical modeling and simulation techniques were utilized to examine the electromagnetic phenomena in toroidal core structures, aiming to fulfill the research objectives. We then checked and compared these results with experimental data to see how different sources of error affected system performance. We paid special attention to studying the drive system's dynamic properties, like how stable the force is, how it vibrates, and how accurately it responds while it's running. The findings demonstrate that enhancing the structural precision of the toroidal core, optimizing magnetic flux distribution, and employing advanced control algorithms can markedly improve the performance, reliability, and positional accuracy of linear motion systems. Also, reducing the difference in windings and carefully designing the air-gap geometry makes electromagnetic distortions and vibrations less noticeable. This research gives scientists and engineers a scientific and practical way to design, improve, and control toroidal core linear motion drives. The suggested methods and analytical findings can be effectively utilized in the advancement of high-precision electromechanical systems for industrial automation, robotics, precision positioning devices, and cutting-edge mechatronic technologies.
Enhancing Water Treatment with an Innovative Filtration Method
Purification has always been a necessity since the dawn of humanity. Purification is important for decreasing the risk of toxins from recharging runoff rainwater and avoiding numerous ailments. As a result, the national and state governments in India are developing water treatment plants to provide society with adequate and safe drinking water. Rapid sand filters are commonly used in India to remove suspended and colloidal particles from water in the filtering process at a faster rate by laying down separate sand beds. The usage of a sand filter as a technique is taken into consideration. In industry, it is often used to remove impurities from water and wastewater treatment. The filtration process degrades at the beginning and end, affecting the initial quality of the filtrate following backwashing. Filter to waste, delay start, sluggish start, and filter conditioning by coagulant during backwashing are all examples of waste to cope with initial filtrate quality problems. In addition, the use of coconut shells in filtration serves as a dual media filter. Designing a 'Dual media filter covered with crushed coconut shells' is more efficient, cost- effective, and long-lasting. It increases the filter's performance in terms of high filtration rate, increased filter run, reduced backwashing requirements, and high turbidity removal, making it more suitable for a variety of applications.
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