Among the Manifestations of the Literature of Supplication: the Opposite Dualities in Sahifa al-Sajjadiyah as an Example

Abstract

Opposites are a linguistic structure with intersecting pronunciation and meaning, differentiated and apparent in structure, and displaying literary creativity and beauty. Although the term binary opposites is a modern philosophical concept that has been transferred to criticism and applied to literature, the Arabs in ancient times knew it by multiple names that revolve around the concept of opposition, the most important of which are: antithesis, contrast, equivalence, contradiction, and discord. The ancient rhetoricians classified it in Al-Badi as a rhetorical concept. They defined opposites as words that come to the meaning and its opposite, and antonym is the combination of two words that are opposite in pronunciation in one speech to clarify and improve the meaning by bringing the meaning and its opposite, and antithesis is a type of relationship between meanings, the relationship of one thing that has two different terms that are mutually exclusive if they meet in one place, so the existence of One of them denies the existence of the other, such as good and evil, light and darkness, blackness and whiteness, strong and weak, slave and master, wealth and poverty, imperfection and perfection.