CRISIS COMMUNICATION IN PUBLIC HEALTH EMERGENCIES: A COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW OF PRACTICES AND CHALLENGES
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Abstract
Crisis communication plays a pivotal role in managing public health emergencies, ensuring timely and accurate information reaches the public, and mitigating the negative impacts of health crises. This comprehensive review examines the practices and challenges in crisis communication during public health emergencies, focusing on global case studies, communication strategies, and the effectiveness of various approaches. The study identifies key factors that influence the success of communication efforts, including trust, transparency, accessibility, and the role of media in shaping public perception. It also highlights common challenges faced by public health organizations, such as misinformation, public panic, and the complexity of coordinating communication across multiple stakeholders. The review draws on examples from past health emergencies, such as the Ebola outbreak, Zika virus, and COVID-19 pandemic, to analyze communication strategies, assess their impact, and derive best practices. Additionally, it discusses the evolving role of digital platforms and social media in crisis communication, noting both their potential for rapid dissemination of information and the risks associated with misinformation. The findings emphasize the need for proactive communication plans, tailored messaging, and the integration of community engagement to strengthen the effectiveness of crisis communication. The paper concludes by providing recommendations for public health organizations to improve crisis communication preparedness and response in future emergencies.
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