The Role of Microbiota in the Pathogenesis of Pregnancy Complications

Abstract

Human microbiota plays a crucial role in maintaining health, including during pregnancy, when changes in microbiota composition can affect pregnancy outcomes and contribute to complications. Studies indicate that microbiota imbalances, including vaginal and gut microbiota, are associated with conditions such as preeclampsia, gestational diabetes, urinary tract infections, preterm birth, and other obstetric pathologies. The influence of microbiota on immune, metabolic, and inflammatory regulation can significantly affect maternal and fetal health. The primary methods for correcting microbiota disturbances in pregnant women include probiotics, dietary therapy, and antibiotics. Maintaining a healthy microbiota composition through diet and probiotics helps prevent infectious and inflammatory complications, thereby supporting normal pregnancy progression.