Internet and Cybersecurity: Threats and Their Prevention

Abstract

The internet has become an indispensable tool in modern society, revolutionizing education, commerce, social interactions, and information exchange. However, its widespread use has also led to increased cybersecurity threats, including malware, phishing, ransomware, and DDoS attacks, posing significant technological, social, and economic risks. Despite the growing importance of cybersecurity, many individuals and institutions lack sufficient digital literacy and awareness of effective protection measures, particularly in emerging digital societies such as Uzbekistan. This study aims to analyze the nature of cyber threats, assess preventive strategies, and highlight the ongoing efforts in Uzbekistan to enhance cybersecurity through legislation, education, and technical innovation. The research identifies major threats, outlines effective preventive measures such as strong passwords, secure networks, and user awareness, and evaluates national initiatives like the “Information Security Law” and the activities of UZCERT. By integrating both technical and psychological dimensions of cybersecurity, and contextualizing these within Uzbekistan’s evolving digital landscape, the article offers a comprehensive approach to understanding and improving cybersecurity at both individual and institutional levels. The findings emphasize that cybersecurity is not solely a technical issue but a societal responsibility, requiring conscious digital behavior, widespread digital literacy, and coordinated action from governments, institutions, and individual users to ensure a safe and resilient digital future.