Classification of Interpretation

Abstract

Interpretation serves as a critical medium for cross-linguistic communication in diverse professional and cultural contexts. Traditionally divided into simultaneous, consecutive, whispered, liaison, and sight translation, interpreting practices have expanded to include remote, hybrid, and role-based modalities that reflect evolving global and technological demands. Despite extensive classification in academic literature, there is limited integration of emerging forms—such as hybrid and remote interpreting—into interpreter training and theoretical models, creating a disconnect between real-world practice and pedagogical focus. This study aims to consolidate and compare traditional and modern classifications of interpretation, exploring dimensions such as setting, modality, directionality, and interpreter role to provide a comprehensive framework for both theoretical understanding and professional application. The research identifies five core interpreting types and introduces expanded classifications informed by setting (e.g., legal, media), technology (e.g., video remote interpreting), and functional roles (e.g., cultural mediator). It highlights how real-world practice often merges modes, requiring cognitive flexibility and contextual adaptation. By incorporating hybrid and digitally mediated forms of interpretation into existing classification schemes, this article contributes a timely perspective that aligns with post-pandemic communication norms and emphasizes the growing need for technological literacy. The findings underscore the importance of dynamic, context-sensitive interpreter training programs that address not only linguistic competence but also modality fluency and ethical versatility. Such a framework ensures better alignment between interpreter qualifications and the demands of contemporary multilingual communication landscapes