Physical Training of Canoe and Kayak Rowers
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Abstract
In endurance-based cyclic sports such as rowing, the development of physical qualities including endurance, speed-strength capacity, and technical proficiency is fundamental to athletic success. Among young canoe and kayak rowers, effective training strategies must be tailored to developmental stages and physiological capacities to ensure performance improvement and injury prevention. Despite advancements in training methodology, there remains insufficient research on how age, technical skill, and physiological indicators such as heart rate and oxygen consumption interact to shape athletic performance in youth rowing. This study aims to identify the physiological and physical parameters most critical to optimizing the training process for young rowers, with a focus on the integration of technical skills and strength development. The findings reveal that cardiovascular indicators among most young athletes were within normal limits, with signs of adaptive bradycardia in some. Technically proficient rowers demonstrated greater realization of speed-strength potential (up to 85%) compared to less skilled peers. Additionally, muscle strength and mass were found to be closely linked to energy capacity and performance under high-intensity loads. The study offers a comprehensive view of the interaction between functional readiness, technical skill, and muscle development, establishing a foundation for scientifically grounded, individualized training programs. These insights support the design of age-appropriate training methods that enhance performance while reducing injury risk, contributing to the development of national-level athletes and improving the long-term efficacy of youth sports systems.
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