Understanding Self-Esteem: A Comprehensive Review
Article Sidebar
Main Article Content
Abstract
Self-esteem, a fundamental aspect of human psychology, plays a pivotal role in shaping individuals' thoughts, emotions, and behaviors. This research article provides a comprehensive review of self-esteem, exploring its definition, development across the lifespan, influencing factors, consequences, and interventions. Drawing on a wide range of empirical studies and theoretical frameworks, this paper aims to deepen understanding of self-esteem and its implications for personal well-being and societal outcomes. Self-esteem, defined as individuals' evaluations of their own worth and capabilities, plays a crucial role in shaping psychological resilience, social interactions, and overall quality of life. Understanding the factors that contribute to the development of self-esteem is essential for promoting positive mental health outcomes across diverse populations. The development of self-esteem is influenced by a constellation of factors spanning individual, familial, social, cultural, and psychological domains. By understanding these multifaceted influences, researchers and practitioners can devise targeted interventions to promote positive self-esteem and resilience across diverse populations.
Article Details
Section
How to Cite
References
Afifi, T.O., & MacMillan, H.L. (2011). Resilience following child maltreatment: A review of protective factors. Canadian Journal of Psychiatry, 56, 266-272.
Brown, J.D., Collins, R.L., & Schmidt, G.W. (1988). Self-esteem and direct versus indirect forms of self-enhancement. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 55, 445–453.
Brown, J.D., & Dutton, K.A. (1995). The thrill of victory, the complexity of defeat: Self-esteem and people’s emotional reactions to success and failure. Journal of Personality and Social Psy- chology, 68, 712–722
Bolger, K.E., & Patterson, C.J. (2001). Pathways from child maltreatment to internalizing problems: Perceptions of control as mediators and moderators. Development and Psychopathology, 13, 913-940.
John, O.P., & Robins, R.W. (1993). Determinants of interjudge agreement on personality traits: The big five domains, observability, evaluativeness, and the unique perspective of the self. Journal of Personality, 61, 521–551.
Kernberg, O. (1975). Borderline conditions and pathological narcissism. New York: Jason Alexander.
Park, B., & Judd, C.M. (1989). Agreement on initial impressions: Differences due to perceivers, trait dimensions, and target behaviors. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 56, 493–505.
Pelham, B.W. (1995). Self-investment and self-esteem: Evidence for a Jamesian model of self-worth. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 69, 1141–1150.
Solomon, S., Greenberg, J., & Pyszczynski, T. (1991). A terror management theory of social behavior: The psychologica l function of self-esteem and cultural worldviews. In M.P. Zanna (Ed.), Advances in experimental social psychology (Vol. 24, pp. 93–159).
San Diego, CA: Academic Press. Watson, D., & Clark, L.A. (1984). Negative affectivity: The disposition to experience aversive emotional states. Psychological Bulletin, 96, 465–490.
Wood, J.V., Giordano-Beech, M., & Ducharme, M.J. (1999). Compensating for failure through social comparison. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 25, 1370–1386.