Challenges and Methodological Approaches to Vocabulary Acquisition in English as a Second Language
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/Keywords:
English Foreign Language, Learning challenges, Kinesthetic, Visual, Auditory, Learning skills, conteAbstract
Vocabulary acquisition is universally recognized as a cornerstone of language learning, since without words no meaningful communication can occur. For English as a Foreign Language (EFL) learners, particularly in contexts such as Uzbekistan where exposure outside the classroom is limited, vocabulary development is often hindered by reliance on rote memorization and translation practices, resulting in poor retention and restricted active use. While extensive studies address grammar and communicative competence, there remains limited focused analysis on the specific challenges of vocabulary learning and the comparative effectiveness of different methodological strategies in EFL environments. This study seeks to identify the main obstacles learners face in acquiring English vocabulary and to evaluate the pedagogical methods that can effectively enhance vocabulary retention and usage. The findings confirm that learners struggle with pronunciation, spelling, memorization, and contextual application of words, often due to the influence of their native language and insufficient immersion. The study highlights effective approaches such as contextual learning, vocabulary notebooks, dictation, spaced repetition, pair and group work, and the use of multimedia tools, each with distinct strengths and limitations depending on learner styles and motivation. By combining classical techniques with modern innovations like digital platforms and multimedia applications, the research underscores the value of an integrated and adaptive methodology tailored to diverse learning preferences. For EFL learners in Uzbekistan, adopting a balanced mix of these methods is essential for fostering active vocabulary use, improving confidence and retention, and ensuring that vocabulary learning becomes a systematic, engaging, and sustainable process.
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