Impaired Mental Functions in Experimental Rats with Hyperthyroidism

Abstract

The relevance of the problem: The thyroid gland (glandula thyroidea) is an endocrine gland that synthesizes a number of hormones necessary to maintain homeostasis. The thyroid gland consists of two lobes and an isthmus. The lobes are adjacent to the trachea on the left and right, the isthmus is located on the anterior surface of the trachea. The upper border of the gland (lateral lobes) is the thyroid cartilage, the lower - 5-6 rings of the trachea. The gland tissue consists of follicles filled with colloid, which contains the iodine-containing hormones thyroxine (tetraiodothyronine) and triiodothyronine bound to the protein thyroglobulin. In the interfollicular space there are parafollicular cells that produce the hormone thyrocalcitonin. T3 is a more active hormone, but it is produced in small quantities and is quickly destroyed in the bloodstream. T4 is not broken down as quickly in the bloodstream and is produced in greater quantities than T3, so it is the main thyroid hormone. The action of hormones is very diverse. They affect all types of metabolism, the functioning of the heart, brain and lungs, growth, physical and mental development. It is known that hyperthyroidism is characterized by increased metabolic processes and elevated levels of free thyroid hormones in the blood serum. Symptoms of this pathology include palpitations, fatigue, weight loss, heat intolerance, anxiety and tremor. The diagnosis is based on both clinical manifestations and the results of laboratory evaluation of thyroid function. Correction largely depends on the course of the disease.