Analysis Of Native And Adopted Lexemes Used In The Poem “Samandar” By Poet Shams

Abstract

The vocabulary of the Uzbek language comprises both native and adopted lexemes, each enriching its literary and cultural expression. The poetry of Shams, particularly in his collection “Samandar,” demonstrates the stylistic and semantic interplay between native Uzbek words and borrowed Arabic and Persian-Tajik words. Despite recognition of these layers in general linguistics, their distribution, function, and aesthetic significance in Shams’s poetry have not been systematically analyzed. This study aims to analyze the use and effectiveness of native and adopted lexemes in Shams’s poem “Samandar,” identifying their poetic functions and stylistic contributions. The analysis reveals that while more than half of the lexical units belong to the native layer, adopted Arabic and Persian-Tajik lexemes significantly enrich the verses by enhancing melody, rhyme, symbolism, and realism. Arabic words were primarily used for their symbolic meaning and rhythmic compatibility, whereas Persian-Tajik words diversified expression and prevented repetition. The study uniquely combines structural and stylistic analysis, highlighting how the poet’s lexical choices reveal his mastery of ghazal genre traditions while innovatively integrating linguistic layers. These findings contribute to Uzbek literary linguistics by clarifying how native and borrowed lexemes function not only as vocabulary components but as powerful tools for poetic impact, genre maintenance, and cultural depth in modern Uzbek poetry.