NANOPARTICLE-BASED DRUG MONITORING: A CLINICAL CHEMISTRY APPROACH TO REAL-TIME PHARMACOKINETICS IN CRITICAL CARE

Abstract

Different types of nanomaterials have been used extensively in intensive-care units (ICUs) to deliver drug for dying cells. The pore could accommodate the transported drug and serve as a transporter to the drug and delivery vehicle. Three classes of nanoparticles are frequently employed for such applications:

Metallic particles: (gold and silver particle) * Polymers particles Liposomes and nanospheres

Metallic and polymeric types generally have diameters of from about 10 to 200 nm, while liposomes typically range in size from about 100 to 5000 nm. The preference of nanoparticle type is based on desired characteristics of drug loading capacity, biocompatibility and in vivo duration. Liposomes and polymers possess limitations with respect to reduced biocompatibility for the former in which a greater drug-carrying capacity can be achieved. One of the great advantages of nanoparticles is selective transport and delivering drugs, preventing such as broad delivery throughout the body. They are small, improving biochemical interaction and allowing faster delivery. In addition, nanoparticles contribute to maintaining drug susceptibility and guiding transport.

Applications include antibiotics, chemotherapeutics, and anesthetics where dose alterations are based on pharmacokinetic monitoring. Nanoparticle quantification can be achieved by spectroscopic, chromatographic and microscopic measurements to produce clinical-chemistry data important for dosage-calibration and the definition of therapeutic toxicities. Finally, incorporation of nanoparticles improves drug monitoring in patients supporting intensive care who are treated with very powerful drugs.