Structural, Physical, and Chemical Properties of Acetylene Production Secondary Raw Materials (Ace) and Their Application in Composite Elastomers
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Abstract
The objective of this study is to comprehensively investigate the structural, physicochemical, and functional properties of secondary raw materials obtained from acetylene production (VSPA) and to assess their suitability and effectiveness as active carbon fillers in composite elastomeric materials. Special attention is given to the relationship between surface chemistry, morphology, and reinforcing ability in elastomer systems.
The subject of research was VSPA obtained during the pyrolysis of natural gas. A variety of instrumental and analytical techniques were used to gain an in-depth understanding of the material. Chemical composition was examined by elemental analysis, the surface functional groups and aromatic structural were observed by FTIR as well as PMR spectroscopy and the paramagnetic properties of the particle were investigated using EPR technique. Nitrogen, phenol, and CTAB adsorption methods were used to measure the specific surface area and adsorption capacity. Morphology features such as particle size distribution, average particle diameter, bulk density and dispersity were also investigated. Furthermore, the toluene-soluble low-molecular hyper static oligomers were extracted and analyzed for their chemical structure and reactivity. The materials were compared systematically with ones of industrial technical carbon types (T 900, P 701, P 705 and P 803).
Results show that VSPA has good degree of particle dispersion, high specific surface area and higher content of oxygen and hydrogen functional groups. The extracted oligomer (12–15 wt. %, M ≤ 1000) with carboxyl, phenolic, quinone and lactone groups that can strongly interact with the polymer matrix. The high iodine numbers and oil absorption values are believed to bear witness of rougher surfaces and higher polyconjugation, which will favor the spreadability and adhesion within elastomeric systems.
A new theoretical approach and model VSPA particle, based on microencapsulated core shel structure with a carbon-based core and polymer–oligomer shell system are presented in this study, thus increasing the computational insight on functionalized carbon fillers.
VSPA is an encouraging as well as cost-efficient and sustainable substitute for traditional carbon fillers, with the potential to promote waste valorization and environmentally friendly material design in rubber processing.
The study is confined to laboratory scale tests and further research will be required for an evaluation of the processing characteristics and long-term performance of VSPA filled elastomers under industrial/service conditions.
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