JADIDISM AS THE BEGINNING OF THE AGE OF ENLIGHTENMENT IN CENTRAL ASIA
- Authors
-
-
Sunatillo Abdinabiyevich Abdivohidov
Oriental University, Samarkand Campus, Uzbekistan Associate Professor, PhD in Philosophy, Department of Social and Humanitarian Sciences
-
- Keywords:
- Jadid, enlightenment, progress, national awakening, ijtihad, linguistic unity, women’s emancipation, language, language reform, orthography, prosperity.
- Abstract
- This article analyses the essence of Jadidism as a historical and philosophical phenomenon that initiated the formation of the age of enlightenment (ma‘rifatparvarlik) in Central Asia. On the basis of historical and philosophical sources, the study elucidates the conceptual apparatus of Jadidism, its historical and genetic roots, its leading representatives, its institutional forms (schools, the periodical press and societies) and the substance of its socio-political activity, and provides a scholarly substantiation of its role in the development of the region and in the process of national awakening.
- References
-
1. Alimova, D. (2022). Jadidchilik fenomeni [The Phenomenon of Jadidism] (in Uzbek). Tashkent: Akademnashr. 272 pp. P. 6.
2. Qosimov, B. (2002). Milliy uyg‘onish: jasorat, ma’rifat, fidoyilik [National Awakening: Courage, Enlightenment, Devotion] (in Uzbek). Tashkent: Ma’naviyat. 400 pp. P. 5.
3. Gaspirali: Man of Wisdom, Influencer of Turkic World. (2019, 6 September). Anadolu Agency (aa.com.tr).
4. Behbudiy, M. (2018). Tanlangan asarlar [Selected Works] (in Uzbek). In two volumes. Vol. I. Foreword and preparation for publication by S. Ahmad. Tashkent: Akademnashr.
5. Dolimov, U. (2005). Ishoqxon Ibrat: ilm-ma’rifat fidoyisi [Ishoqxon Ibrat: A Devotee of Knowledge and Enlightenment] (in Uzbek). Tashkent: Ma’naviyat. 184 pp. Pp. 64–67.
6. Kanlidere, A. (1997). Reform within Islam: The Tajdid and Jadid Movement Among the Kazan Tatars (1809–1917): Conciliation or Conflict? Istanbul: Eren Yayıncılık. 196 pp.
7. Yuzeev, A. (2020). The Works of Shihab al-Din al-Marjani on Islamic Scholastic Theology. Tatarica, 14(1), 161–172.
8. Khalid, A. (1998). The Politics of Muslim Cultural Reform: Jadidism in Central Asia. Berkeley: University of California Press. xxiii + 335 pp. Chap. 4.
9. Lazzerini, E. Jadidism. Encyclopedia.com; see also: Ismail Gasprinski. Encyclopaedia Britannica. URL: britannica.com/biography/Ismail-Gasprinski.
10. Gaspirali: Man of Wisdom, Influencer of Turkic World. (2019, 6 September). Anadolu Agency (aa.com.tr). This statistic is aggregated for the Russian Empire as a whole; figures specific to Turkestan are considered separately below.
11. Khalid, A. Op. cit. P. 14.
12. Qosimov, B., Dolimov, U., et al. (2004). Milliy uyg‘onish davri o‘zbek adabiyoti [Uzbek Literature of the Period of National Awakening] (in Uzbek). Tashkent: Ma’naviyat. 384 pp.
13. Yangi usul maktablari [New-method schools] (in Uzbek). O‘zbekiston Milliy Ensiklopediyasi [National Encyclopedia of Uzbekistan] (based on: Ayniy, S. (1926). Buxoro inqilobi tarixi uchun materiallar; Xo‘jayev, F. (1997). Buxoro inqilobining tarixiga materiallar; O‘zbekistonning yangi tarixi [The New History of Uzbekistan], Book 1, 2000).
14. Keller, Sh. (1999). Review of Khalid, A., The Politics of Muslim Cultural Reform: Jadidism in Central Asia. H-Net Reviews. URL: networks.h-net.org/node/10000/reviews/10153.
15. Ahmedov, S. (2024). Mahmudxo‘ja Behbudiy: hayoti va merosi [Mahmudxo‘ja Behbudiy: Life and Legacy] (in Uzbek). Tashkent: Akademnashr. 312 pp. Pp. 148–186; Karimov, N. (2008). XX asr o‘zbek adabiyotining yetakchi tamoyillari [Leading Trends of Twentieth-Century Uzbek Literature] (in Uzbek). Tashkent: Fan. 240 pp.
16. DeWeese, D. (2016). It Was a Dark and Stagnant Night (’til the Jadids Brought the Light): Clichés, Biases, and False Dichotomies in the Intellectual History of Central Asia. Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient, 59(1–2), 37–92.
17. Sartori, P. (2016). Ijtihad in Bukhara: Central Asian Jadidism and Local Genealogies of Cultural Change. Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient, 59(1–2), 193–236.
18. Fitrat, A. (2003). Tanlangan asarlar [Selected Works] (in Uzbek). Vol. III. Dramas, articles. Editorial board: O. Sharafiddinov, N. Karimov, D. Alimova et al.; commentaries by H. Boltaboyev; executive editor: B. Qosimov. Tashkent: Ma’naviyat. 256 pp. P. 234.
19. Boltaboyev, H. (2007). Fitrat va jadidchilik [Fitrat and Jadidism] (in Uzbek). Tashkent: National Library of Uzbekistan Publishing House. 224 pp.; Boltaboyev, H. (2017). Fitrat: tarixiy-falsafiy tafakkur [Fitrat: Historical and Philosophical Thought] (in Uzbek). Tashkent: Akademnashr. 256 pp.
20. A’zamxo‘jayev, S. (2000). Turkiston Muxtoriyati [The Turkestan Autonomy] (in Uzbek). Tashkent: Ma’naviyat. 176 pp.
21. Fitrat, A. (2000). Tanlangan asarlar [Selected Works] (in Uzbek). Vol. I. Poems, prose works, dramas. Foreword and commentaries by H. Boltaboyev; editorial board: O. Sharafiddinov et al.; executive editor: N. Karimov. Tashkent: Ma’naviyat. 256 pp. P. 15.
22. Behbudiy, M. (1999). Tanlangan asarlar [Selected Works] (in Uzbek). Compiler, foreword and commentaries: B. Qosimov. 2nd ed., revised and expanded. Tashkent: Ma’naviyat. 280 pp. (Heroes of Independence series). P. 204.
23. Turkiston muxtoriyati [The Turkestan Autonomy] (in Uzbek). O‘zbekiston Milliy Ensiklopediyasi [National Encyclopedia of Uzbekistan]; see also: Basmachi movement. Wikipedia. URL: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basmachi_movement.
24. Address by President Sh. Mirziyoyev to the participants of the international conference “The Jadids: Ideas of National Identity, Independence and Statehood” (in Uzbek). president.uz/oz/lists/view/6919, 11.12.2023.
25. Resolution of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan No. PQ-462 of 27 December 2024 (in Uzbek). lex.uz.
26. Alimova, D. (2022). Jadidchilik fenomeni [The Phenomenon of Jadidism] (in Uzbek). Tashkent: Akademnashr. 272 pp. P. 12.
