Abstract
Closed-loop anesthesia delivery systems (CLADS) represent a significant advancement in anesthetic practice, offering automated, feedback-driven control of anesthetic agent administration to enhance patient safety and clinical efficiency. This critical analysis examined the operational principles, advantages, and limitations of CLADS in optimizing anesthesia delivery. The review highlighted how CLADS integrate real-time physiological monitoring—such as bispectral index (BIS), hemodynamic parameters, and end-tidal anesthetic concentrations—with algorithm-based controllers to maintain precise, individualized anesthetic depth. However, challenges such as system calibration errors, hardware variability, the need for clinician oversight, and limited adaptability in rapidly changing clinical conditions remain notable concerns. Further technological improvements, robust clinical validation, and clinician training are essential to maximize their reliability and integration into modern anesthetic practice. The study concluded that closed Loop Anesthesia Delivery Systems significantly enhance precision, safety, and consistency in administering anesthesia agents. By integrating real-time physiological feedback with automated drug control, these systems minimize human error and improve patient outcomes. One of the recommendations made was that hospitals and manufacturers should prioritize rigorous testing and validation of CLADS to ensure consistent performance across diverse patient populations, minimizing risks of under- or over-dosage.