Wastewater Treatment from Heavy Metal Ions, Based on the Physico– Chemical Processes. Review
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In this paper, we present an overview of modern technologies used for the treatment of wastewater containing heavy metal ions. Special attention is given to physico– chemical methods. We provide a detailed examination of treatment techniques using coagulants and flocculants, as well as sorption, ion– exchange, and electrochemical processes. For each method, we have identified the key advantages and disadvantages. Electrochemical methods have proven to be efficient and promising technologies. The equipment used for these processes is compact and highly productive. Moreover, the operation and management of such systems are relatively easy to automate. The most common electrochemical methods include electrocoagulation, electroflotation, and galvanocoagulation. In conclusion, we emphasize the need for further research to develop new wastewater treatment technologies and to improve existing methods by intensifying physico– chemical processes.80 sources.
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