Stages of Historical Development of Wood Carving (From The Early Middle Ages to The 20th Century)
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Abstract
Woodcarving is a deeply rooted artistic tradition found across many cultures, reflecting spiritual beliefs, social structures, and aesthetic values. In Uzbekistan, this craft has evolved uniquely over centuries, influenced by religious, political, and cultural shifts from the early Middle Ages to the 20th century. Despite its rich history, a comprehensive historical synthesis that connects the stages of development, regional schools, and stylistic changes of Uzbek woodcarving remains limited. This study aims to trace the chronological development of woodcarving in Uzbekistan, highlighting key regional styles, cultural influences, and artistic transformations across historical epochs. The research identifies major developmental stages from ornamental and figurative carving in the early Middle Ages to the ornate Timurid epigraphic style and the emergence of regional carving schools (e.g., Khorezm, Bukhara, Margilan) by the 18th century. It also explores the socio-political factors that shaped woodcarving during the khanate period and the Russian colonial era. This study presents a synthesized historical narrative of Uzbek woodcarving, emphasizing the integration of religious symbolism, local craftsmanship traditions, and cross-cultural artistic exchanges. The findings underscore the role of woodcarving as a medium for cultural expression and identity in Uzbekistan and offer insights for preserving and revitalizing traditional craftsmanship within contemporary cultural heritage frameworks.
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