Study and Design of Detention Ponds for the City of Baghdad

Detention ponds are probably the most common management practice for the control of storm water runoff quality. If properly designed, constructed, and maintained, they can be very effective in controlling a wide range of pollutants and peak runoff flow rates. There is probably more information concerning the design and performance of detention ponds in the literature than for any other storm water control device. Detention ponds are a very robust method for reducing storm water pollutants. They typically show significant pollutant reductions as long as a few design-related attributes are met. Many details are available to enhance performance, and safety, that should be followed. Many processes are responsible for the pollutant removals observed in detention ponds. Physical sedimentation is the most significant removal mechanism. However, biological and chemical processes can also contribute important pollutant reductions. The extensive use of aquatic plants, in a controlled manner, can provide additional pollutant removals. Detention ponds are also suitable for enhancement with chemical and advanced physical processes.