The Effect of Electromagnetic Radiation “Laser“ on Matter Properties

Abstract

The interactions between light and matter play a fundamental role in many fields of science, by rearranging the smallest cosmic particles that carry the information code, leading to important applications in spectroscopy, sensing, quantum information processing, and lasers. In most of these applications, light is viewed in terms of electromagnetic plane waves that propagate at the speed of light in a vacuum. Electromagnetic radiation or electromagnetic waves is a form of energy emitted and absorbed by charged particles, which exhibit wave-like behavior as they travel through space. Electromagnetic radiation has an electric field and a magnetic one, equal in intensity, and each oscillates in phase perpendicular to the other and perpendicular to the direction of energy and wave propagation, as electromagnetic radiation propagates in a vacuum at the speed of light. The effects of electromagnetic radiation on living systems (and many chemical systems under standard temperature and pressure conditions) depend on both the strength and frequency of the radiation. The effects of low-frequency electromagnetic radiation down to the visible light frequency on ordinary cells and materials are limited by heat and heating and therefore depend on the strength of the radiation. In contrast to higher frequency radiation such as UV and higher, the damage to chemicals and living cells is much greater than simple heating due to the ability of single photons at such frequencies to chemically destroy individual molecules. Since the invention of the laser until the present day, researchers and scientists have been searching for the effect of the laser on the properties of the materials it interacts with. Most of the recent inventions, including lasers and their interaction with various materials, have given wide scope for industrial, medical and other applications. In this research, the interaction of the laser beam with the materials and its effect on its optical and microscopic properties is studied. Three different wavelengths (green, blue, and red) were chosen, with lengths (532 and 405,650) nm. As for the materials used, they are different minerals and salts in the solid state as powder and pieces of different sizes and shapes. The effect of lasers on matter is studied through the use of optical spectrometers and optical microscopes. The results of the microscope showed the effect of the laser on the properties of the metal surface by making scratches, while the results of the infrared spectrum showed the structural properties of the materials, in addition to the effect of the laser on showing the spectrum of the induced fluorescence, which is a special fingerprint for each material.